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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

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http://www.archive.org7details/americanstandard00ameriala 


THE 

AMERICAN    STANDARD 

OF   PERFECTION 

ILLUSTRATED 

A  COMPLETE  DESCRIPTION  OF  ALL 
RECOGNIZED  VARIETIES  OF  FOWLS 


AS  REVISED  BY 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

AT  ITS  THIRTY-FOURTH  ANNUAL  MEETING  AT  NIAGARA  FAIA& 

NEW   YORK,   NINETEEN    HUNDRED   NINE,  AND  AT  ITS 

THIRTY-FIFTH  ANNUAL  MEETING  AT  ST.  LOUIS 

MISSOURI,  NINETEEN  HUNDRED  TEN 


Printed  and  Published  by 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

1910 


TO  WHOM  IT  MAY  CONCERN: 

The  public  is  expressly  forbidden,  on  penalty  of  tlie  law,  to 
reproduce,  duplicate,  copy,  seek  to  imitate  or  to  make  any  other 
improper  use  of  any  of  the  illustrations  contained  in  this  book,  all 
of  which  are  the  exclusive  property  of  The  American  Poultry  As- 
sociation, and  protected  by  copyright  in  the  United  States,  England 
and  Canada.  Permission  to  make  quotations  from  the  text  of  this 
book  is  granted,  provided  such  quotations  are  disconnected,  few 
in  number,  and  are  used  solely  for  the  dissemination  of  knowledge; 
but  these  quotations  must  not  be  used  to  an  extent  nor  in  a  manner 
that  will  injure  the  sale  of  this  work,  nor  may  they  be  used  for  ad- 
vertising purposes,  as  in  circulars,  catalogues,  etc.  Notice  is 
hereby  given  that  any  infringement  of  ilie  copyright  on  the  con- 
tents of  this  book  will  result  in  immediate  prosecution. 

THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION. 


Copyright,  1910,  by 
THE  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

ALL   RIGHTS   RESERVED 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  American  Poultry  Association  was  organized  at 
a  meeting  held  in  the  city  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  February  15, 
1873.  The  attendance  was  composed  principally  of  delegates 
from  state  and  county  associations,  prominent  breeders  and 
fanciers  from  different  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada, 
and  other  interested  persons.  The  object  was  to  formulate  and 
adopt  a  standard  of  excellence  to  be  used  exclusively  by  associa- 
tions in  awarding  prizes  on  exhibition  poultry.  A  constitution  and 
by-laws  were  adopted,  and  a  complete  standard  was  made  for 
all  the  then-recognized  varieties  of  domestic  and  ornamental 
fowls.  Mr.  W.  H.  Churchman,  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  was 
the  first  president,  and  Mr.  J.  M.  Wade,  of  Philadelphia,  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  first  secretary.  Provision  was  made  for  annual  meet- 
ings, at  which  changes  could  be  made  in  the  adopted  standard, 
and  matters  of  national  importance  concerning  the  poultry 
interest  might  be  considered  and  acted  on. 

Nearly  even'  large  city  and  poultry  center  of  importance 
has  been  visited  in  turn  by  these  annual  meetings.  The  work 
of  standard  making  was  so  well  done  in  the  beginning  that  but 
few  changes,  and  those  of  minor  importance,  have  been  found 
necessary.  New  breeds  and  varieties  have  been  added;  but  the 
policy  has  been,  and  is,  to  admit  only  such  as  have  become  well 
established,  and  that  clearly  are  entitled  to  the  distinctive  term, 
"  standard-bred. " 

The  first  edition  of  the  Standard  was  printed  and  issued  to 
the  public  in  February,  1874.  It  has  been  followed  by  others 
containing  such  changes  and  additions  as  have  been  made  from 
time  to  time  by  authority  of  The  American  Poultry  Association. 

The  American  Standard  of  Perfection,  as  now  given  to  the 

3 


4  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

poultry  world,  contains  all  changes  in  and  additions  to  the  con- 
stitution and  by-laws,  and  the  text  of  the  Standard,  as  authorized 
to  the  present  time.  The  first  illustrated  revision  was  begun 
by  the  appointment  of  an  Editorial  Committee  at  Chicago,  Janu- 
ary, 1901,  and  the  appointment  of  a  Committee  on  Illustrated 
Standard,  at  Buffalo,  in  October,  1901.  At  Cleveland,  Decem- 
ber, 1902,  these  two  committees  were  merged  and  the  number 
of  members  increased  to  fifteen.  Several  weeks  were  devoted 
to  the  work  of  carefully  revising  the  description  of  every  variety. 

The  proposed  changes  and  additions  were  fully  considered, 
and  there  was  much  discussion  in  the  poultry  press.  Prominent 
fanciers  and  breeders,  representatives  of  specialty  clubs  and 
foremost  poultry  artists  were  called  to  the  assistance  of  the  Com- 
mittee on  Revision.  The  committee's  completed  report  was 
presented  at  the  twenty-eighth  annual  meeting  of  The  American 
Poultry  Association,  held  at  Rochester,  New  York,  February  2, 
1904.  After  four  days  of  earnest  consideration,  resulting  in 
further  amendment,  it  was  adopted  by  unanimous  vote,  and 
ordered  published  in  book  form  as  herewith  presented. 

The  descriptions  and  illustrations  now  published  in  this 
latest  revised  edition  of  The  American  Standard  of  Perfection 
are  those  agreed  upon  by  the  high  authorities  consulted,  as  cor- 
rect representations  of  ideal  specimens.  In  the  conception  and 
formation  of  these  ideals,  the  artistic  in  form  and  color,  and  the 
possibilities  of  nature,  were  the  guides,  while  beauty  and  utility 
are  the  results  sought  to  be  obtained.  With  this  brief  foreword 
of  explanation,  the  present  edition  is  offered  to  the  public,  in 
the  interests  of  poultry  culture. 


INTRODUCTION  TO   THE   1910  REVISION. 

The  constitution  of  The  American  Poultry  Association 
provides  that  "A  general  revision  of  The  American  Standard 
of  Perfection  shall  take  place  once  in  five  years  and  not  oftener" 
(Article  X,  Section  1,  Constitution).  In  pursuance  of  such  purpose 
the  Association  at  its  thirty-third  annual  meeting  at  Niagara  Palls, 
New  York,  August  11,  1908,  by  resolution  appointed  a  committee, 
to  be  known  as  the  Revision  Committee  for  1910.  The  committee 
was  empowered  to  revise  and  change  such  of  the  text  and  illustra- 
tions contained  in  the  Standard  of  1905  as  it  wished  to  recom- 
mend in  the  form  of  a  report. 

A  general  invitation  was  extended  through  the  poultry 
press  by  the  president  of  The  American  Poultry  Association  to 
every  fancier,  who  had  bought  a  copy  of  the  Standard  of  Per- 
fection, to  offer  criticisms  and  suggestions.  The  secretary- 
treasurer  mailed  to  all  members  of  the  Association,  including 
life,  annual,  associate,  club  and  society  members,  letters  asking 
each  member  to  offer  criticisms  and  suggestions  as  to  both  the 
text  and  illustration  of  the  then  present  Standard  of  Perfection 
for  incorporation  in  the  new  revision  of  the  Standard.  A  vast 
amount  of  useful  and  helpful  material  was  in  this  way  furnished 
the  committee,  which  at  a  meeting  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  April  6-21, 
1909,  and  at  Niagara  Falls,  August  9-10,  1909,  carefully  con- 
sidered every  proposed  change,  omission  and  addition.  The 
decisions  arrived  at  were  embodied  in  a  report  to  the  Association 
at  its  thirty-fourth  annual  meeting,  August  10-12,  at  Niagara 
Falls,  New  York.  All  members  had  been  given  notice  by  mail 
ninety  days  before  the  meeting,  of  the  proposed  changes.  The 
report  of  the  committee  was  taken  up  in  detail  by  the  Association 
and,  after  amendment  and  correction,  was  adopted  as  herein  pub- 

5 


6  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

lished.  The  illustrations  were  presented  to  the  thirty-fifth  annual 
meeting  of  the  Association  at  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  August  15-20, 
1910.  After  alterations,  under  the  direction  of  special  committees 
of  experts,  were  made,  the  illustrations  were  approved  by  vote  of 
the  Association. 

As  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of  The  American  Poultry 
Association  are  liable  to  be  amended  and  changed  at  each  meet- 
ing and  the  general  revision  of  the  Standard  cannot  be  made 
oftener  than  once  in  five  years,  the  Association  has  deemed  it 
wise  that  the  constitution  and  by-laws  shall  not  be  printed  in 
the  Standard,  except  the  article  providing  for  the  adoption  of  new 
breeds  and  the  article  providing  for  American  Poultry  Show 
rules.     These  two  articles  will  be  found  herein. 


TO  THE   POULTRY  ASSOCIATIONS 
OF  AMERICA. 

Recognizing  your  loyalty  to  The  American  Poultry  Asso- 
ciation, and  believing  that  a  few  general  rules  will  be  bene- 
ficial in  conducting  poultry  exhibitions  at  which  The  American 
Standard  of  Perfection  is  advertised  to  govern  the  placing  of 
the  awards,  we  submit  the  following,  with  the  request  that  the  same 
importance  be  attached  to  them  as  to  other  parts  of  the  Standard  : 

Poultry  associations  at  whose  exhibitions  The  American 
Standard  of  Perfection  is  used,  are  requested  to  give  preference 
to  judges  who  are  members  of  The  American  Poultry  Associa- 
tion. Judges  who  are  members  of  this  organization  are  accredited 
thereby,  to  the  extent  of  being  in  good  standing,  and  it  is  reason- 
able to  conclude  that  they  will  apply  properly  the  law  of  the 
Association  as  contained  in  its  Standard. 

Judges  employed  by  you  should  be  required  to  follow  and 
apply  the  Standard  literally,  carefully  considering  each  section 
of  every  specimen,  according  to  the  scale  of  points  provided  for 
the  several  breeds.  No  section  is  to  be  ignored.  Each  section 
is  regarded  as  important  by  The  American  Poultry  Association, 
and  should  a  judge  pass  a  specimen  without  considering  all  points, 
the  exhibitor  shall  be  allowed  the  privilege  of  protesting  the  deci- 
sion, and  such  protest  is  to  be  entertained  and  properly  disposed 
of  by  the  local  association. 

Protests  are  to  be  entertained  by  local  associations  only  in 
cases  of  apparent  dishonesty,  ignorance  or  carelessness  on  the 
part  of  the  judge.  In  scoring  the  specimens  in  dispute,  the  judge, 
together  with  the  president  and  secretary  of  the  local  association 
(or  representatives  appointed  by  the  management  of  the  local 
association),  shall  constitute  a  committee  of  three,  and  the  major- 

7 


8  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

ity  decision  of  this  committee  shall  be  final.  Score  cards  made 
out  by  the  judge  in  deciding  protested  awards  are  to  be  retained 
by  the  local  association. 

When  protests  are  entertained,  where  the  judging  has  been 
done  by  score  card,  the  specimens  under  dispute  shall  be  re- 
scored  by  the  judge,  he  to  act  as  a  member  of  the  committee  of 
three,  as  provided,  the  re-scoring  to  be  done  in  the  presence  of 
the  other  two  members  of  the  committee  on  protests. 

Protests  are  not  to  be  entertained  except  when  made  in  writ- 
ing, and  the  person  making  same  shall  deposit  with  the  secretary 
of  the  local  association  the  sum  of  five  dollars,  this  money  to  be 
returned  to  the  person  making  the  protest  if  his  protest  be  sus- 
tained; if  protest  be  not  sustained,  the  deposit  becomes  the 
property  of  the  local  association. 

A  uniform  style  of  score  card  is  recommended,  with  a  view 
to  having  all  associations  use  the  same  scale  of  points,  and  thus 
assist  in  making  the  work  of  the  judges  more  accurate  and  uni- 
form. The  form  of  score  card  printed  in  this  book  is  used  and 
recommended  by  a  large  majority  of  the  leading  judges.  It  is 
not  copyrighted,  and  local  associations  are  requested  to  use  it, 
each  card  to  bear  these  words :  "  Official  Score  Card  of  The 
American  Poultry  Association." 

Special  consideration  is  to  be  given  the  matter  of  Standard 
weights  and  proper  size  at  score-card  shows  and  at  comparison 
shows,  respectively.  Each  specimen  at  all  score-card  shows 
shall  be  correctly  weighed,  regardless  of  circumstances.  The 
practice  of  allowing  a  few  ounces  is  expressly  forbidden,  inas- 
much as  it  works  great  injustice.  It  has  a  harmful  influence  on 
the  judge,  the  exhibitor,  the  local  association  and  the  industry 
at  large,  and  many  times  deprives  prudent  and  worthy  fanciers 
of  prizes  rightfully  due  them. 

Any  exhibitor  found  guilty  of  faking,  or  of  showing  borrowed 
birds,  shall  be  debarred  from  competition  and  shall  forfeit  any 
prize  or  prizes  that  may  have  been  awarded  him. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  9 

It  is  respectfully  recommended  that  local  associations,  specialty 
clubs,  and  other  organizations,  advertise  in  their  premium  lists 
and  otherwise  that  their  exhibitions  will  be  conducted  under  the 
rules  of  The  American  Poultry  Association,  and  that  the  in- 
structions to  judges,  general  disqualifications,  and  other  provi- 
sions and  requirements  of  The  American  Standard  of  Perfec- 
tion shall  govern. 

Fraternally, 

The  American  Poultry  Association. 


CONTENTS 

A  PAGE 

Admission  of  new  breeds 328 

American  class 36 

Anconas,  shape    160 

Color 161 

Andalusians,  Blue,  shape 157 

Color 158 

Asiatic  class 104 

B 

Bantams,  Bearded  White  Polish 276 

Black-Breasted  Red  Malay,  shape  and  color 248 

Black  Cochin,  illustrated 266,  267 

Black  Japanese 271 

Black-Tailed  Japanese 270 

Black-Tailed  Japanese,  illustrated 272,  273 

Booted  White,  shape 261 

Booted  White,  color 262 

Brahma,  shape  and  color 263 

Buff  Cochin,  illustrated 264,  265 

Buff-Laced  Polish 276 

Cochin,  shape  and  color 268 

Game,  shape  and  color 231 

Golden  Sebright 253 

Japanese,  shape 269 

Non-Bearded  Polish  varieties 277 

Ornamental 250 

Polish,  shape ; 274 

Rose-Comb,  shape 257 

Rose-Comb,  Black 260 

Rose-Comb  Black,  illustrated 258,  259 

Rose-Comb,  White 260 

Sebright,  shape 252 

Silver  Sebright 256 

Silver  Sebright,  illustrated 254,  255 

White  Japanese 271 

10 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  11 

PAGE 

Bbahmas,  shape 105 

Light 107 

Light,  illustrated 108,  109 

Dark 110 

Dark,  illustrated 112,  113 

Buckeyes,  shape 100 

Color 101 

Illustrated 102,  103 

c 

Class,  American 36 

Asiatic 104 

Ducks 295 

English 163 

French 205 

Games  and  Game  Bantams 215 

Geese 315 

Hamburgs 192 

Mediterranean , 131 

Miscellaneous 278 

Orientals 232 

Ornamental  Bantams 249 

Polish 180 

Turkeys 285 

Cochins,  shape 115 

Black 125 

Buff 118 

Buff,  illustrated 120,  121 

Partridge 119 

Partridge,  illustrated. 122,  123 

White 125 

Comparison  system,  in  applying  the 31 

Constitution 328 

Contents    10 

Cornish 233 

Dark 235 

Dark,  illustrated 236,  237 

White 238 

White-laced,  Red , 239 

White-laced,  Red,  illustrated    240,  241 

Crevecoeurs,  shape 211 

Color 212 

Cutting  for  defects 33 


12  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

D  PAGE 

Description  of  breeds 36 

Diagram  of  fowl 17 

Disqualifications,  general 32 

Dominiques,  shape 92 

Dominiques,  illustrated 93a,    936 

Color 93 

Dorkings,  shape 164 

Colored 167 

Silver  Gray 166 

Silver  Gray,  illustrated 168,  169 

White 165 

Duck  class 295 

Ducks,  Aylesbury,  shape  and  color 297 

Black  East  India,  shape  and  color 307 

Blue  Swedish,  shape 314 

Blue  Swedish,  color ....  314 

Call,  shape 305 

Cayuga,  shape  and  color 304 

Colored  Muscovy 309 

Crested  White,  shape 307 

Crested  White,  color 308 

Gray  Call 305 

Indian  Runner,  shape  and  color 310,  311 

Indian  Runner,  illustrated 312,  313 

Muscovy,  shape 309 

Pekin,  shape 297 

Pekin,  color 297 

Pekin,  illustrated 298,  299 

Rouen,  shape 300 

Rouen,  color 301 

Rouen,  illustrated 302,  303 

White  Call 306 

White  Muscovy 310 

E 

English  class 163 

F 

French  class 205 

Frizzles 284 

G 

Game  and  Game  Bantam  class 215 

Game  Bantams 231 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  13 

PAGE 

Games 216 

Shape 216 

Birchen 226 

Black 230 

Black-Breasted  Red 218 

Black-Breasted  Red,  Illustrated 220,  221 

Brown  Red 219 

Golden  Duckwing 222 

Red  Pyle 227 

Red  Pyle,  illustrated 228,  229 

Silver  Duckwing 223 

Silver  Duckwing,  illustrated 224,  225 

White 230 

Geese  class 315 

Geese,  African,  shape  and  color 321 

Brown  Chinese,  color 322 

Chinese,  shape 322 

Egyptian,  shape  and  color 326 

Embden,  shape  and  color 320 

Toulouse,  shape  and  color 317 

Toulouse,  illustrated 318,  319 

White  Chinese,  color 323 

White  Chinese,  illustrated 324,  325 

Wild  or  Canadian,  shape  f  nd  color 323 

General  disqualifications 32 

Glossary  of  technical  terms 18 


H 

Hamburgs  class 192 

Hamburgs,  shape 193 

Black 204 

Golden  Penciled 197 

Golden  Penciled    illustrated 200,  201 

Golden  Spangle*  i 194 

Silver  Penciled 203 

Silver  Spangled 196 

Silver  Spangled,  illustrated 198,  199 

White 204 

Houdans,  shape 206 

Color 207 

Illustrated 208.  209 


14  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

I  PAGE 

Instructions  to  judges 29 

Introduction 3 

J 

Javas,  shape 88 

Black 89 

Black,  illustrated 90,  91 

Mottled „ 92 

Judges,  instructions  to 29 

L 

La  Fleche,  shape 213 

Color 214 

Langshans,  shape 126 

Black 130 

Black,  illustrated 128,  129 

White 130 

Leghorns,  shape 132 

Black 143 

Brown 134 

Brown,  illustrated 136,  137 

Buff 142 

Buff,  illustrated 144,  145 

Silver 146 

White 134 

White,  Single-Comb,  illustrated 138,  139 

White,  Rose-Comb,  illustrated 140,  141 

M 

Malays,  Black-Breasted  Red 245 

Shape 245 

Color 247 

Mediterranean  class 131 

Minorcas,  shape 148 

Black 152 

Black,  illustrated 150,  151 

White 152 

Miscellaneous  class 278 

N 

Nomenclature 17 

New  Breeds,  admission  of 328 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  15 

O  PAGE 

Official  score  card 28 

Oriental  class 232 

Ornamental  Bantam  class 249 

Orpingtons,  shape 174 

Buff 176 

Buff,  illustrated 178,     179 

Black 177 

White 177 


P 

Plymouth  Rocks,  shape 38 

Barred 39 

Barred,  illustrated 40,  41 

Buff 43 

Buff,  illustrated 46,  47 

Columbian    56 

Columbian,  illustrated    58,  59 

Partridge 52 

Partridge,  illustrated 54,  55 

Silver  Penciled 48 

Silver  Penciled,  illustrated    50,  51 

White 42 

White,  illustrated 44,  45 

Polish  class 180 

Polish,  shape 181 

Bearded  Golden 183 

Bearded  Silver 186 

Bearded  Silver,  illustrated 188,  189 

Bearded  White 187 

Buff  Laced 190 

Non-Bearded  varieties 191 

White-Crested  Black 182 

White-Crested  Black,  illustrated 184,  185 


R 

Redcaps,  shape 171 

Color 172 

Rhode  Island  Reds,  shape 94 

Color 96 

Illustrated 98.  99 


16  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

S  PAGE 

Score  card,  official 28 

Show-Rules 329 

Silkies,  shape 279 

Color 281 

Spanish,  White-Faced  Black,  shape 153 

Color 156 

Illustrated 154,  155 

Sultans,  shape 282 

Color 283 

Sumatras,  Black,  shape 243 

Color 244 

T 

To  the  Poultry  Associations  of  America 7 

Turkey  class 285 

Turkeys,  shape 286 

Black 292 

Bourbon  Red 294 

Bronze 287 

Bronze,  illustrated 288,  289 

Buff 293 

Narragansett 290 

Slate 293 

White  Holland 292 

W 

Wyandottes,  shape 61 

Black 70 

Buff 71 

Buff,  illustrated 74,  75 

Columbian 84 

Columbian,  illustrated 86,  87 

Golden 66 

Golden,  illustrated 68,  69 

Partridge 76 

Partridge,  illustrated 78,  79 

Silver 62 

Silver,  illustrated 64,  65 

Silver  Penciled 80 

Silver  Penciled,  illustrated 82,  83 

White 70 

White,  illustrated 72,  73 


^,y"-V*<afi?'*& 


0  Beak. 

1  Comb. 

2  Face. 

3  Wattles. 

4  Ear-lobe. 

5  Hackle. 

6  Breast. 

7  Back. 

8  Saddle. 


NOMENCLATURE  DIAGRAM  OF  FOWL 

9  Saddle  feathers. 

10  Sickles. 

11  Lesser  sickles. 

12  Tail- coverts. 
13,  13  Main  tail  feathers. 

14  Wing-bow.  *    . 

15  Wing-coverts,  forming  wing-bar. 

16  Secondaries,  wing-bay. 

17  Primaries,  or  flight  feathers. 

17 


18  Flight-coverts. 
•  19  Fluff. 

20  Body. 

21  Thigh. 
22,  22  Knee-joints. 

i  23,  23  Shanks. 
24  Spur. 
25,  25  Toes,  or  claws. 


GLOSSARY  OF  TECHNICAL  TERMS. 


Barring  :  Bars  or  stripes  extending  across  a  feather  at  right  angles  to  its 

length,  or  nearly  so.     (See  Figs.  1,  2  and  3.) 
Beard:  In  chickens,  a  group  of  feathers  pendent  from  the  throat,  as  in 
Houdans  and  Polish.     In  turkeys,  a  tuft  of  coarse,  bristly  hairs,  four  to 
six  inches  long,  projecting  from  upper  part  of  breast  of  mature  males, 
^fc*  Bean:  A  hard,  bean-shaped  protuberance  growing  at  tip 

Jgg|H  of  the  upper  mandible  of  a  water  fowl.     (See  Fig.  4.) 

Beak:  The  projecting  mouth  parts  of  chickens  and  tur- 
keys, consisting  of  upper  and  lower  mandibles. 
Bill:  The   projecting   mouth  parts  of  water  fowl,  con- 
sisting of  upper  and  lower  mandibles.     (See  Fig.  4.) 
Blade:  The  rear  part  of  a  single  comb,  back  of  the  last 
well-defined  point,  usually  extending  beyond  the  crown 
of  the  head.     (See  Fig.  5.) 
Brassiness  :  Having  the  color  of  brass ;  yellowish. 
"Breed:  A  race  of  fowls,  the  mem- 
bers of  which  maintain  distinctive 
shape    characteristics    that    they 
possess   in  common.   Breed  is  a 
broader  term  than  variety.    Breed 
includes  varieties,  as,  for  example, 
the  Barred,  White  and  Buff  va- 
rieties of  the  Plymouth  Rock  breed. 
Brood:  All  the  young  birds  hatched  or  cared  for 

at  one  time  by  one  mother,  or  in  one  brooder. 
Cape:  The  short  feathers  on  the  back,  underneath 

the  hackle,  shaped  like  a  cape. 
Carriage:  The  attitude,  bearing  or  style  of  a  bird. 
Caruncles:  Small  fleshy  protuberances,  as  on  the 

head  of  a  turkey. 
Carunculated  :  Having  caruncles. 
Cavernous:  Applied    to    the    hollow    protruding 

nostrils  of  the  crested  breeds. 
Chicks:  The  young  of  the  domestic  hen,  properly 
i  *  applied    until    the    sex    can    be    distinguished ; 
sometimes    used    to    designate   specimens    less 
than  one  year  old.  (i( 

18 


Fig, 

Barred  Feather,  Fe 
male  (ideal). 


tEt"^!^ 


Fig.  2. 
Burred  Hackle  Feather.  Male 
leal). 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


19 


enciling,  Parallel 


Chickens:  Specifically,  the  young  of  the  domestic  hen  prior  to  the  de- 
velopment of  adult  plumage;  used  as  a  general  term  to  designate  all 
domestic  fowls,  except  turkeys,  ducks,  geese,  pea -fowl  and  guinea-fowl. 
Cock:  A  male  fowl  one  year  old  and  over. 
Cockerel:  A  male  fowl  less  than  one  year  old. 
Comb:  The  fleshy  protuberance  growing  on  the  top  of  a 
fowl's  head.     The   standard  varieties  of  combs  are: 
Single,  rose,  pea,  v-shaped  and  strawberry,  all  others 
being  modifications  of  these.     (See  diagram  of  fowl; 
also  Figs.  5,  6,  7,  8,  9  and  10.) 
Condition:  The  state  of  a  fowl  as  regards  health,  cleanli- 
ness and  order  of  plumage. 
Coverts  :  See  tail,  flight  and  wing-coverts. 
Creaminess:  Having  the  color  of  cream;  light  yellow. 
Crest:   A  crown  or  tuft  of  feathers  on  the   head  of  a 

fowl.     (See  Fig.  9.) 
Crop:  The  receptacle  in  which  a  fowl's  food  is  accum- 
ulated before  it  passes  into  the  gizzard. 
Cushion:    The  mass  of   feathers  at  rear  of    back  of   a 
fowl,  partly  covering  the  tail;  well-developed  in  Cochin 
females. 
Daw:   The    pinkish-yellow  color  found    in    eyes  of   the   Form  (ideal). 

Oriental  and  some  other  varieties  of  Games. 
Dewlap  :  A  pendulous  skin  developed  under  the  throat. 
Disqualification:  A  deformity  or  serious  defect  that  renders  a  fowl  un- 
worthy to  win  a  prize. 

Disqualified:    Applied  to  a  fowl  that  is 

unworthy  to  win  a  prize. 
Down:  The  first  hairy  covering  of  chicks; 
also  the  tiny  tufts  of  hair-like  growth 
that  sometimes  are  found  on  the  shanks, 
toes  or  feet  of  fowls. 
(Note:  If  quill  and  web  are  discernible 
to  the  eye,  it  is  a  feather.) 
Drake:  A  male  of  the  duck  family. 
Dubbing  :  Cutting  off  the  comb,  wattles  and 
ear-lobes,  so  as  to  leave  the  head  smooth. 
Duck  :  A  female  of  the  duck  family,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  drake,  or  male. 
Duckling  :  The  young  of  the  duck  family,  in  the  downy  stage  of  plumage 

prior  to  the  development  of  feathers. 
Duck-Footed:  The  hind  toe  carried  forward.     (See  Fig.  11.) 
Ear-Lobes:  The  folds  of  bare  skin  just  below  the  ears,  sometimes  called 
"deaf-ears."     Ear-lobes  vary  in  color  in  different  breeds,  being  red, 


Fig.  4. 
Head  of  a  Duck  (ideal):   A,  Bill;    B, 
Bean. 


20 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


Fig.  5. 
A  type  of  Single  Comb  (ideal) :  1,  Base;  2, 2, 2, 2, 
2,  Points;  3,  Blade.   For  other  types  see  Plymouth 
Rocks,  Minorcas,  Javas,  etc. 


Fig.  6. 
A  type  of  Rose  Comb   (ideal):  1,   Base;   2, 
Rounded  Points;  3,  Spike.     See  Diagram  of  Fowl, 
page  15,  for  Ideal  Wyandotte  Comb. 


Fig.  7. 
Pea  Comb,  Profile  (ideal). 


Fig.  9. 
Sultan    Head,   Male   (ideal):  1,    1,   V-Shaped 
Comb;  2,  Crest;  3,  3,  Muffs;  4,  Beard. 


Fig.  8. 

Pea  Comb,  Quartering  View  (ideal). 


Fig.  10. 
Strawberry  Comb  (ideal). 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


21 


V 


^ 


i 


Fig  11.. 

Duck-Font  ed  (a  defect). 


white,  purple,  cream,  etc.;  they  also  vary  greatly  in  size.     (See  dia- 
gram of  fowl.) 
Face:  The  bare  skin  on  the  head  of  a  fowl  around  and  below  the  eyes. 

(See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
Faking:  Removing,  or  attempting  to  remove,  foreign  color  in  face  or  ear- 
lobes  when  it  is  a  disqualification;  removing  one  or  more  side  sprigs,  or 
trimming  a  comb  in  any  manner,  except  the  dubbing  of  Games;  arti- 
ficial coloring  of  any  feather;  splicing  feathers;  injury 
to  plumage  of  any  fowl  entered  by  another  exhibitor; 
plugging   up    holes  on  legs   of  smooth-legged  varieties 
where  feathers  or  stubs  disqualify;  staining  of  legs;  in 
fact,  any  self-evident  attempt  on  the  part  of  an  exhibitor 
to  deceive  the  judge  and  thus  obtain  an  unfair  advan- 
tage in  competition. 
Feather:  A  growth  formed  of  a  dis- 
cernible quill  and  a  vane  (called 
web)  upon  each  side  of  it. 
(Note:  If  the  quill  is  not  discern- 
ible to  the  eye,  it  is  down.) 
Flights:  The   primary   feathers   of 
the  wing,  used  in  flying,  but  folded 
up  out  of  sight,  or  nearly  so,  when  the  fowl  is  at  rest. 
Flight-Coverts:  The  short,  moderately-stiff  feathers  located  at  the  base 
of  the  wing  primaries,  or  flight  feathers,  and  partly  covering  their  quills. 
Fluff:  The  soft  feathers  about  thighs  and  posterior  part  of  a  fowl ;  also  the 
soft,  downy  under-part  of  a  feather.  (See  diagram  of  fowl ;  also  Fig.  19.) 
Frosting:  A  marginal  edging  or  tracing  of  color  on  feathers  of  laced, 

spangled  and  penciled  varieties.     (See  Fig.  13.) 
Furnished  :  Applicable  to  a  cockerel  with  fully-developed  comb,  hackle, 
saddle,  tail,  etc. 
Gills:  A  term   that  is  applied  to  the 

wattles.     (See  "Wattles.") 
'Gipsy     Color:     Dark      purple,     ap- 
proaching black. 
Hackle:  The  neck  plumage  of  either 
sex,  formed  of  the  hackle  feathers. 
(See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
Hackle  Feathers:  The  long,  narrow 
feathers  growing  on  the  neck  of  a 
fowl,  either  sex.    (See  Figs.  2  and  14.) 
Hangers:  A    term    sometimes   applied 
to  the  lesser  sickles  and  tail-coverts. 
(See  diagram  of  fowl.) 


Fig.  12. 
Laced  Feather  (ideal). 


Hen-Feathered  :  A    male    bird    that  Froeting^a  defect). 


22 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


resembles  a  hen,  owing  to  the  absence  of  sickles,  pointed  hackle 
feathers,  etc.,  is  said  to  be  "hen-feathered." 
Hock:     See    "Knee- Joint."     (Also    diagram     of 

fowl.) 
Jaw:  The    base  of   the  upper  and  lower  man- 
dibles. 
Knee- Joint:    The  joint   between   the  thigh  and 
shank.  , 

Knock-Kneed  :   A  deformity  in  which   the    legs 
come    too    near   together    at    the    knee-joints 
and   are   bent   outward,   laterally,   below   the 
knees. 
Laced,  Lacing:    A  feather   edged  or  bordered 
with  a  band  of  color  differing  from  the  body 
color  of  feather.     (See  Fig.  12.) 
Leaf  Comb:    A  combination  of  two  small  single 
combs,    having    serrated,  leaf-liKe    edges;   the 
original  Houdan  comb,  now 
replaced  in  America  by  the 
v-shaped  comb.  (See  Fig.  9.) 
Leg:      Includes     thigh     and 

shank. 
Leg  Feathers:  Feathers  grow- 
ing on  the  outer  side  of  the 
shank,  as  in  Asiatics.  (See 
Fig.  28.) 
Lopped  Comb:  A  comb  falling  over  to  one  side. 
To  disqualify  (see  "General  Disqualifications"), 
in  a  single  comb,  some  portion  must  fall  below  the 
horizontal  plane  where  the  comb  begins  to  lop; 
in  the  rose  or  pea  comb  varieties  it  must  lop  over 

far  enough  to  come  in  contact  with  one  side  of  the 
fowl's  head.     (See  Figs.  15  and  27.) 
Lesser  Sickles  :  (See  "  Sickles . ") 

Mealy:  Having  the  appearance  of  being  sprinkled  with 
meal.  Applied  to  buff  varieties  where  the  ground 
color  is  stippled  with  a  lighter  color.  (See  "Stip- 
ple"; also  Fig.  16.) 
Mossy:  Irregular,  dark  penciling  appearing  in  centers 
of  laced  feathers  and  destroying  the  desirable  con- 
trast of  color.  (See  Fig.  17.) 
Mottled:  Plumage  marked  on  the  surface  with  spots  of 

different  colors  or  shades  of  color. 
Muffs  ;  The  cluster  of  feathers  covering  the  sides  of  the 


Fig.  14. 

Striped  Feather  (ideal). 


Fig.  15. 
Lopped  Rose  Comb 
(a  defect). 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


23 


Kg.  17. 


face  below  the  eyes,  extending  from  the  beard  to  the  ear-lobes  and 
found  only  on  bearded  varieties.     (See  Fig.  9.) 
Obtuse  Angle:  An  angle  greater  than  a  right-angle,  i.e.,  one  containing 

more  than  90  degrees. 
Parti-Colored  :  Feathers  or  fowls  having  two  or  more 

colors. 
Pea  Comb:  A  triple  comb,  of  medium  length,  resem- 
bling three  straight,  single  combs  placed  parallel  with 
one  another,  and  joined  at  base  and  rear,  each  having 
short  but  distinctly-divided  serrations,  the  serrations 
of  the  two  outer  rows  being  lower  and  smaller  than 
those  of  the  middle  row,  and  those  of  each  row  being 
larger  and  somewhat  thicker  midway  of  the  comb 
than  at  front  and  rear.  (See  Figs.  7  and  8.) 
Pen:  A  male  and  four  females. 

^  Penciling:  Small  markings  or  stripes  on  a  feather. 
They  may  run  straight  across,  as 
in  the  penciled  Hamburgs,  in 
which  case  thev  frequently  are 
called  bars,  or  may  follow  the  out-  Mo6sy  (a  defect>- 

line  of  a  feather,   taking  a  crescentic  form,  as  in 
the  Dark  Brahmas,  Partridge  Cochins,  etc.     (See 
Figs.  3  and  18.) 
Peppered,  Peppering:  Sprinkled  with  gray  or  black. 

(See  "Mealy.") 
Plumage:  The  feathers  of  a  fowl. 
Poult:  The  young  of  the  domestic 
turkey,  properly  applied  until  the 
sex  can  be  distinguished,   when 
they  become  cockerels  and  pullets. 
Poultry  :  Domestic  fowls  reared  for 
exhibition,  for  the  table,  or  for 
their  eggs  or  feathers. 
Primaries:  The  flight  feathers  of  the  wing,  hidden,  or 

nearly  so,  when  the  wing  is  closed. 
Profile:  A  direct  side  view  of  a  fowl,  applied  both  to 
live  specimens  and  to  illustrations. 
*  Pullet:  A  female  fowl  less  than  one  year  old. 
Quill:  The  hollow,  horny,  basal  part  or  stem  of  a 
feather.     (See  "Shaft";  also  Fig.  19.) 
i  Rose  Comb  :  A  low,  thick,  solid  comb ,  the  upper  surface  5  h 

of  which  should  be  covered  with  small,  rounded  -j  £ 

points.     This  comb  terminates  in  a  well-developed  5  * 

spike,  which  may  turn  ipward,  as  in  Hamburgs,  be  Fig.  19. 


Kg.  18. 


Penciling.  Crescentic 
Form  (ideal). 


24 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


Fig.  20. 
One   Form  of   Shafting   (a 
defect). 


nearly  level,  as  in  the  Rose-Comb  Leghorns,  or  turn  downward,  as  in 
the  Wyandottes.  (See  Figs.  6  and  15;  also  diagram  of  fowl,  page  15, 
for  ideal  Wyandotte  comb.) 

Rooster:  A  term  commonly  applied  to  a  cockerel 

or  cock,  but  not  used  by  fanciers. 
Saddle:  The  rear  part  of  the  back  of  a  male  bird, 
extending  to  the  tail  and  covered  by  the  saddle 
feathers.     (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
Saddle  Feathers  :  The  feathers  growing  out  of 

the  saddle.     (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
Saddle   Hackles:  The   long,   narrow,   pointed 
feathers  growing  from  a  male  bird's  saddle  and 
drooping  at  the  sides. 
Scaly  Legs:  A  fowl's  legs  having  an  incrustation 

or  deposit  upon  and  beneath  the  scales. 
Secondaries  :  The  long  quill  feathers  that  grow  on 
the  second  joint  or  fore-arm  of  a  fowl's  wing,  vis- 
ible when  the  wing  is  folded.    With  the  prima- 
ries, they  constitute  the  main  feathers  of  the  wing.    (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
Solid  Color,  Self-Color:  A  uniform  color,  unmixed  with  any  other. 
Serrated  :  Notched  along  the  edge  like  a  saw. 
Serration:  One  of  the  projections  of  a  serrate 

formation,  as  a  serrated  comb. 
Shaft:  The  stem  of  a  feather,  especially  the  part 
filled  with  pith  which  bears  the  barbs.     (See 
Figs.  19  and  20.) 
Shafting  :  The  shaft  of  the  plume  portion  of  the 
feather  being  lighter  or  darker  in  color  than  the 
web  of  the  feather.     (See  Fig.  20.) 
Shank:  The  lower,  scaly  part  of  a  fowl's  leg,  ex- 
clusive of  the  foot  and  toes. 
Sickles:  The  long,  curved  feathers  of  a  male  bird's  tail,  properly  applied 
to  the  top  pair  only,  but  sometimes  used  in  referring  to  the  prominent 

tail-coverts^  which  also  are  called 
lesser  sickles.  (See  diagram  of  fowl .) 
Side  Sprigs:  Extraneous,  well-defined 
growths  on  the  side  of  a  comb. 
(See  Fig.  21.) 
?^y  Single  Comb:  A  comb  consisting  of 
a  single,  thin,  fleshy,  serrated  forma- 
tion, rising  from  the  beak  and  ex- 
tending backward  over  the  crown 
of  the  head,  and,  in  males,  beyond 

Slipped  Wing  and  Twisted  Feather  (defects).  tne  head.       (See  Fig.  5.) 


Fig.  21. 
One  Form  of  Side  Sprigs  (a 
defect). 


1* 

VZ 

•c  re 


=  - 
o  P 

«s 

MM 

a| 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


25 


Fig.  23. 
Spangled     Feather 
(ideal). 


Slipped  Wing:  A  wing  of  a  fowl  not  closely  folded  and  held  up  in  proper 
position;  a  defect  resulting  from  injury,  or  from  weakness  of  muscles 
of  wing.     (See  Fig.  22.) 
Spangle:  A  clearly-defined  marking  of  distinctive  color,  located  at  the  end 

of  a  spangled  feather.     (See  Fig.  23.) 
Spangled:  Plumage  made  up  of  spangled  feathers. 
Splashed  Feather:  A  feather  with  colors  scattered 

and  irregularly  intermixed.  (See  Fig.  24.) 
Spur:  A  horn-like  protuberance,  growing  from  the 
inner  side  of  the  shank  of  a  fowl ;  may  be  knob-like 
or  pointed,  according  to  the  age  of  the  fowl  and  the 
sex.  (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
Squirrel  Tail:  A  fowl's  tail,  any  portion  of  which  pro- 
jects forward  toward  the  neck,  beyond  a  perpen- 
dicular line  drawn  from  the  junc- 
ture of  tail  and  back.  (See  Fig.  25.) 
Stag:  A  term  used  for  a  young  male, 
chiefly  employed  by  game  fanciers. 
"Station:  Ideal  pose,  embodying  stand- 
ard style  and  symmetry,  notably 
height  and  reach,  as  applied  to 
Games. 
Stipple:  Verb:  To  execute  in  stipple,  i.e.,  draw,  paint 
or  engrave  by  means  of  dots  instead  of  lines.  Noun: 
The  effect  obtained  in  color  work  by  the  use  of  dots 
instead  of  lines  or  strokes.  (See  Fig.  26.) 
'  Strain:  A  family  of  any  variety  of  fowls  bred  in  line  by 
Fig.  24.  descent  by  one  fancier,  or  a  successor,  during  a  num- 

KplasheT "leather  her  of  years,  that  has  acquired  individual  characteris- 

(a  defect).  tjcs    which    distinguish    it    more   or   less   from   other 

strains  or  specimens  of  the  same  variety. 
Strawberry       Comb:    Approaching       in 
shape    the   outline   and    surface   of    a 
strawberry.     (See  Fig.  10.) 
Surface    Color:   The    visible    color    of 
the  plumage  when  a  fowl  is  at  rest. 
(See    "Under-Color.") 
Symmetry:  Perfection  of  proportion;  the 
harmony  of  all  the  parts  or  sections  of 
a  fowl,  viewed  as  a  whole,  Avith  regard 
to  the  standard   type  of  the  breed  it 
represents. 
Tail-Coverts:   The    curved    feathers    in 

front  of  and  at  the  sides  of  the  tail,  Squirrel Taiioi' defect). 


26 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


Pig.  26. 
Stippled    Feather 


usually  of  same  color  as  the  tail,  but  sometimes  laced  or  penciled.     (See 

diagram  of  fowl.) 

Tail  Feathers,  Main:  The  straight  and  stiff  feathers  of  the  tail  that  are 

contained  inside  the  sickles  and  tail-coverts;   the  top 

pair  are  sometimes  slightly  curved,  but  generally  are 

straight.     (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 

Thighs:  That  part  of  the  legs  above  the  shanks.     (See 

diagram  of  fowl.) 
Thumb    Mark:   A  disfiguring   depression  which   some- 
times  appears  in    the  side  of   a  single   comb.     (See 
Fig.  27.) 
Toe-Feathering:   The  feathers  on  the  toes  of  a  fowl. 

(See  Fig.  28.) 
Topknot:  A  word  wrongly  used 
as   meaning   crest;    no    longer 
employed  by  fanciers. 
Trio:  One  male  and  two  females. 
Twisted  Comb:    An   irregularly- 
shaped  comb,  falling  or  curving 
(Meal),  from  side  to  side,  being  dis- 

torted from  the  normal,  perpendicular  position. 
(See  Fig  29.) 
Twisted  Feather:  Feather  with  quill  or  shaft 

twisted.     (See  Fig.  22.) 
Typical:  Expressing  a  characteristic,  in  color  or 

form,  representative  of  a  breed  or  variety—      showing  L^Singfe  Comb, 
for  example,  typical  shape,  meaning  the  form  Thumb  Mark,  Wrinkled  Ear- 

!•       *         i.        J  lobe,    Wrinkled    Wattles     and 

peculiar  to  a  breed.  Wattles     of     Unequal    Length 

Under-Color  :  The  color  of  the  downy  portion  of  (defects). 

the  plumage,  not  visible  when  the  plumage  of  a  fowl  is  in  its  natural 

position.  (See  Fig.  19.) 
Variety  :  A  subdivision  of  a  breed 
(see  definition  of  breed)  used 
to  distinguish  fowls  having  the 
standard  shape  of  the  breed  to 
which  they  belong,  but  differing 
in  color  of  plumage,  shape  of 
comb,  etc.,  from  other  groups  of 
the  same  breed.  The  general 
difference  between  the  terms 
"breed"  and  "variety"  is  well 
brought  out  in  the  statement, 
popular  among  fanciers,  "Shape 
-  makes  the  breed;  color  the  variety.' 


Fig.  28. 
Cochin  Leg  and  Toe  Featherin 
B,B,  Lower  Thigh;   C,C,  Shan! 


A,  Upper  Thigh; 
D,D,  Toe. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


27 


Fig.  29. 
One    Form     of    Twisted 
Single  Comb  (a  defect). 


Vulture-Hock  (Vulture-Feathered)  :  The  stiff  quill  feathers  growing 
on  the  thighs,  extending  backward,  straight  beyond  the  knee-joint  or 
"hock";  to  disqualify,  they  must  be  without  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
fluffy  feathers  to  relieve  the  stiff  appearance 
and  fill  up  the  sharp  angles,  viewed  in  profile. 
(See  Fig.  30.) 

V-Shaped  Comb:  A  comb  formed  of  two  well-de- 
fined, horn-like  sections.     (See  Fig.  9.) 

Wattle?  The  pendent  growths  at  the  sides  and 
base  of  the  beak. 

Web:  Web  of  Feather:  The  flat  or  plumed  portion 
of  a  feather,  made  up  of  a  series  of  barbs  on 
either  side  of  the  shaft.  Web  of  Feet :  The  flat 
skin  between  the  toes.  Web  of  Wings:  The  tri- 
angular skir  attaching  the  wing  to  the  body, 
visible  when  wing  is  extended. 

*  Wing-Bar:  The  stripe  or  bar  of  color 
extending  across  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  formed  by  the  color  or  mark- 
ing of  the  wing-coverts.  (See  dia- 
gram of  fowl.) 

*  Wing-Bay:  The  triangular  section  of 
the     wing,     below     the     wing-bar, 

Yi'JW^W^'^^^^V'^  formed  by  the   exposed  portion  of 

the   secondaries   when    the   wing   is 
folded.     (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 
^Wing-Bow:    The    upper    or    shoulder 
F[*  ^  part    of   the    wing.      (See    diagram 

Vulture-Hock  (a  defect  in  Cochins;  Standard  of  f owl .) 

faSultans)-  Wing-Points:  The  ends  of  the  prima- 

ries;      erroneously       called       "wing- 
butts." 

Wing-Coverts:  The  small,  close  feath- 
ers clothing  the  bend  of  the  wing 
and  covering  the  roots  of  the  second- 
ary quills.     (See  diagram  of  fowl.) 

Wing-Fronts:  The  front  edge  of  the 
wing  at  the  shoulder.  This  section 
of  the  wing  is  sometimes  called 
wing-butts.  The  term  wing-fronts  is 
recommended,  thus  avoiding  con- 
fusion. 

Wry  Tail:  Tail  of  a  fowl  turned  to  one 

side,  permanently  so.     (See  Fig.  31.)  ghowing  wg^"<a  ^^ 


(Name  of  Association  here) 


(Date,  month,  days  and  year  show  is  held,  here) 

Official  Score  Card  of  the  American  Poultry  Association 

Exhibitor 

Variety Sex 

Entry  No Band  No Weight 


Shape 


Color 


Remarks 


Symmetry 

Weight  or  Size 

Condition 

Comb 

Head 

Beak 

Eyes   

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes. 

Neck 

Wings  

Back 

Tail 

Breast  

Body  and  Fluff 

Legs  and  Toes 

"j"  Crest  and  Beard 

*  Shortness  of  Feather... 
Total  Cuts 


Score. 


t  Applies  to  crested  breeds.     *  Applies  to  Games  and  Game  Bantams. 


,  Judge 

.,  Secretary 


INSTRUCTIONS   TO   JUDGES. 


Merit:  The  merit  of  specimens  shall  be  determined  by  a  careful 
examination  of  all  the  points  in  the  "Scale  of  Points,"  beginning  with 
Symmetry  and  continuing  through  the  lists  deducting  from  the  full  value 
of  each  section  of  a  perfect  bird,  for  such  defects  as  are  found  in  each 
specimen. 

Weight:  (a)  All  specimens  shall  be  judged  according  to  their  stand- 
ard weights;  provided,  however,  that  the  disqualifying  weights  for  chicks 
and  poults  shall  not  apply  until  December  1st  of  each  year,  (b)  In  all 
breeds  of  fowl  having  weight  clauses,  except  Bantams,  deduct  two  points 
per  pound  for  amount  lacking  from  standard  weights,  and  in  that  pro- 
portion for  any  fractional  part  of  a  pound,  using  one-fourth  pound  as  the 
minimum,  the  specimen  to  have  the  benefit  of  any  fraction  less  than  one- 
fourth  pound,  (c)  In  all  varieties  of  Bantams,  deduct  one-half  point 
per  ounce  for  any  excess  over  standard  weights,  (d)  In  all  varieties  of 
turkeys  and  geese,  and  in  all  varieties  of  ducks  except  those  prized  for 
their  smallness,  having  weight  clauses,  deduct  three  points  per  pound  for 
amount  lacking  from  standard  weights,  and  in  that  proportion  for  any 
fractional  part  of  a  pound,  using  one-fourth  pound  as  a  minimum,  the 
specimen  to  have  the  benefit  of  any  fraction  less  than  one-fourth  pound. 
(e)  In  all  varieties  of  fowls,  except  Bantams,  also  in  all  varieties  of  tur- 
keys and  geese,  and  all  varieties 
of  ducks  except  those  prized 
for  their  smallness,  when  adult 
specimens  are  equal  in  score 
and  are  above  or  below  stand- 
ard weight,  the  one  nearest 
standard  weight  shall  be 
awarded  the  prize,  except 
when  one  specimen  is  cut  for 
weight  and  the  other  is  not, 
the  specimen  that  is  standard 
weight  or  above  shall  be 
awarded  the  prize.  (/)  All  chicks  or  immature  specimens  —  except  Ban- 
tams and  those  varieties  of  ducks  prized  for  their  smallness  —  having  an 
equal  score,  when  cut  for  lack  of  weight,  the  one  of  less  weight  shall  be 
awarded  the  prize,  but  when  each  of  such  specimens  are  of  standard 
weight,  the  heaviest  one  shall  win.  (g)  In  all  varieties  of  Bantams,  and 
those  varieties  of    ducks  prized  for   their  smallness,  other  things  being 

29 


Fig.  32. 

Diagram  showing  Degrees  from  Horizonta 


30 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


equal,  the  smallest  bird  shall  win.  (CAUTION  —  The  weight  clause 
must  not  be  understood  to  mean  that  a  small,  but  over-fat  bird  is  within 
the  spirit  of  the  meaning  of  the  Standard;  the  size  must  be  proportionate 
to  the  weight,  preserving  the  ideal  shape  and  type  of  the  standard  bird.) 
Re-weighing:  The  judge  may,  at  his  option,  demand  the  re- weighing 
of  the  specimens  in  competition,  in  all  cases  where  standard  weights  apply. 
Size:  Size  shall  be  determined  by  comparison  of  the  specimens. 
In  all  varieties  (except  Call  and  East  Indian  Ducks)  having  a  section 
termed  "Size,"  and  not  being  subject  to  weight  clauses,  the  largest  bird, 
other  things  being  equal,  shall  win;  in  Call  and  East  Indian  Ducks  this 
rule  is  reversed  and  the  smallest  specimen  shall  win. 

Scores  Entitling  Specimens  to  Prizes:  To  receive  a  first  prize 
the  specimen  must  score  90  or  more  points, 
except  cocks  in  all  parti-colored  varieties, 
which  may  be  awarded  first  prizes,  provided 
they  score  88  points  or  better.  For  each 
receding  prize  drop  one  point.  A  pen  to 
win  a  first  prize,  must  score  180  points  or 
better,  unless  it  contains  a  cock  of  a  parti- 
' colored  variety,  in  which  case  178  points  or 
better  may  win  first  prize,  but  first  prize 
shall  not  be  given  on  a  pen  if  the  male  in 
pen  scores  less  than  88  points.  No  prize 
shall  be  awarded  an  exhibition  pen  if  any 
bird  in  the  pen  scores  less  than  85  points. 

Sweepstake  Prizes:  In  competition 
for  sweepstake  prizes  when  solid-colored 
specimens  compete  with  parti-colored  specimens,  white  specimens  shall 
be  handicapped  two  points  each,  black  specimens  one  and  one-half  points 
each,  and  buff  specimens  one  point  each,  and,  after  such  reduction  the 
specimen  then  having  the  highest  score,  or  the  specimens  having  the 
highest  average  or  combined  score,  shall  be  awarded  the  prize.  Bantams, 
water-fowl  or  turkeys  are  not  eligible  to  compete  for  sweepstake  prizes. 

Old  and  Young  Birds:  All  other  points  being  equal,  where  prizes 
are  offered  on  old  and  young  fowls  competing  together,  the  former  shall 
be  awarded  the  prizes. 

Faking:  Faking  of  any  description  shall  debar  from  competition 
specimens  so  treated;  also  every  other  bird  entered  by  the  exhibitor  show- 
ing the  faked  specimen  or  specimens.  (See  Glossary  for  what  is  meant 
in  this  connection  by  faking.) 

Creaminess  and  Brassiness:  In  white  varieties,  except  where  the 
color  of  plumage  is  specified  as  creamy  white,  the  presence  of  brassiness 
on  surface,  or  creaminess  of  quills  or  under-color,  is  a  serious  defect  and 
is  to  be  punished  accordingly. 


Fig.  33. 
Tail  carried  at  Angle  of  45  Degrees. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


31 


Score  of  Exhibition*  Pen:  In  ascertaining  the  score  of  an  exhibi- 
tion pen,  add  the  scores  of  the  females  together  and  divide  the  sum  by  the 
number  of  females  in  the  pen;  to  the 
quotient  thus  obtained,  add  the  score  of  the 
male,  and  this  sum  shall  be  the  score  of  the 
exhibition  pen. 

Dated  Score  Cards:  All  score  cards 
made  out  by  judges  applying  the  Standard 
are  to  be  dated  by  the  judge  with  ink,  in- 
delible pencil,  or  by  stamp,  on  the  date  the 
specimens  are  judged. 

Faulty  Score  Cards:  It  shall  be  con- 
sidered irregular  for  a  judge  to  sign  a  score 
card  unless  weight  is  considered,  in  all 
breeds  and  varieties  having  standard 
weights,  regardless  of  season. 

Ties:  In  case  of  ties  between  two  or 
more  specimens  that  cannot  be  broken  by  any  of  the  previous  rules, 
the  specimen  receiving  the  smallest  total  sum  of  cuts  for  shape  shall  be 
awarded  the  prize.  In  case  of  ties  in  exhibition  pens,  should  either  pen 
contain  one  or  more  adult  specimens,  that  pen  shall  be  awarded  the 
prize.  In  case  of  all  pens  containing  all  young,  or  all  adult  specimens, 
the  prize  shall  be  awarded  to  the  pen  containing  the  highest  scoring 
male. 


Fig.  34. 
Tail  cnrried  at  Angle  of  50  Degrees. 


IN  APPLYING  THE  COMPARISON  SYSTEM. 

Typical  Shape:  In  awarding  prizes  by  comparison,  judges  must 
consider  carefully  each  and  every  section  of  the  specimen,  and  not  allow 
color  alone  to  influence  their  decisions.  The  vital  importance  of  tvpical 
shape  is  to  be  borne  constantly  in  mind,  at  the  same  time  giving  due  con- 
sideration to  color  in  all  sections,  including  under-color. 

Handling:  All  specimens  in  competition  must  be  handled  and  ex- 
amined by  the  judge,  except  those  that  show  decided  inferiority  as  seen  in 
the  coops. 

Valuation:  In  awarding  prizes  under  this  system,  ever}7  section  of 
each  specimen  must  be  given  full  consideration,  valuing  it,  both  in  shape 
and  color,  as  provided  by  the  Standard  "Scale  of  Points"  for  the  breed. 
No  judge,  in  applying  the  Standard  by  this  system,  shall  give  any  one  sec- 
tion undue  prominence  in  arriving  at  his  decision. 

Disqualifying  Weights:  Specimens  falling  below  disqualifying 
weights  after  December  1  st  of  each  year  must  be  debarred  from  competi- 
tion, except  Bantams,  which,  when  exceeding  disqualifying  weights,  shall 
suffer  a  like  penalty. 


32  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Standard  Size:  In  determining  size,  the  judge  shall  decide  by  com- 
paring the  specimens  in  competition,  with  due  regard  to  weight  in  all 
breeds  and  varieties  where  weight  is  required  by  the  Standard.  When  a 
bird  fails  to  attain  to,  or  in  case  it  exceeds,  the  size  proportionate  with  the 
type  or  shape,  it  must  be  discounted  quite  severely.  It  is  desirable  that 
the  judge  recognize  and  reward  those  specimens  that  come  nearest  to  the 
ideal,  in  shape,  size  and  weight,  still  giving  the  important  and  vital  matter 
of  correct  plumage  full  credit. 

Bantam  Type:  While  smallness  of  size  is  desirable  in  all  Bantams, 
no  specimen  shall  be  entitled  to  win  over  a  larger  bird  simply  because  of 
its  small  size;  it  must  conform  to  the  type  and  symmetry  demanded  for 
the  breed  it  represents. 

Game  Type:  In  judging  Games,  Game  Bantams,  Cornish  and  Su- 
matras,  it  is  imperative  that  shape  be  considered  of  greatest  importance. 
Specimens  lacking  in  this  essential  breed-characteristic  shall  not  be 
awarded  first  honors,  even  if  there  be  no  competition. 

Color  Defects:  A  few  very  small,  grayish  specks  in  white  fowls 
shall  not  debar  a  specimen  that  otherwise  is  superior  in  color  from  winning 
over  one  less  typical  in  shape  and  sound  in  color;  provided,  however,  that 
the  grayish  specks  do  not  appear  prominently  in  the  primary,  secondary, 
or  main  tail  feathers. 

The  natural  white  bird  shall  not  be  handicapped  by  the  apparently 
bleached  one,  and,  other  things  being  equal,  the  natural  white  bird  shall  win. 

Scaly  Leg:  A  fowl  whose  legs  and  toes  are  so  deformed  by  what  is 
called  "Scaly  Leg"  as  to  hide  or  appear  to  have  destroyed  the  color,  shall 
not  be  awarded  a  first  prize. 

Note:  Under  the  comparison  system  judges  must  deduct  the  full 
valuation  of  the  cuts  in  all  sections,  where  a  specified  cut  is  made  under 
the  head  of  "Cutting  for  Defects." 

GENERAL  DISQUALIFICATIONS. 

Note:  In  applying  the  Standard  of  Perfection,  if  judges  find  any  of  the 
defects  described  below,  they  shall  disqualify  the  specimen  and  state  on 
the  proper  card  or  blank  the  nature  of  the  disqualification. 

In  the  Asiatic  breeds,  except  Lang- 
shans,  and  in  Cochin  Bantams  and  Booted 
White  Bantams,  shanks  not  feathered  down 
the  outer  sides;  outer  toes  not  feathered  to 
the  last  joint. 

In   Langshans,  shanks  not   feathered 

down  the  outer  sides:  feathers  not  growing 

beyond  the  middle  joint  of  the  outer  toes. 

p.    35  In    Silkies    and    Sultans,   shanks  not 

Five-Toed  Foot  (ideal).  feathered  down  the  outer  sides. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  33 

In  all  breeds  required  to  have  unfeathered  shanks,  any  feather  or 
feathers,  stubs  or  down  on  shanks,  feet  or  toes;  or  unmistakable  indications 
of  feathers  having  been  plucked  from  same. 

A  wing  showing  clipped  flights  or  secondaries,  or  both,  except  in 
water-fowl,  shall  disqualify  the  specimen  and  debar  it  from  competition. 

Lopped  combs,  except  in  Mediterranean  and  Dorking  females;  rose 
combs  falling  over  to  one  side,  or  so  large  as  to  obstruct  the  sight;  combs 
foreign  to  the  breed;  split  or  fish-tail  comb  (see  illustration);  decidedly 
wry  tails;  crooked  backs;  side  sprig  or  sprigs  on  all  single-comb  varieties; 
plucked  hocks;  deformed  beaks;  absence  of  spike  in  all  rose-comb  varie- 
ties, except  Silkies,  Malays  and  Malay  Bantams;  decidedly  squirrel  tail 
in  all  breeds,  except  Japanese  Bantams. 

In  four-toed  breeds,  more  or  less  than  four  toes  on  either  foot. 

In  five-toed  breeds,  more  or  less  than  five  toes  on  either  foot. 

Legs  and  toes  of  color  foreign  to  breed. 

Entire  absence  of  main  tail  fea'hers. 

Positive  white  in  the  face  of  Mediterranean  cockerels  and  pullets, 
except  White-faced  Black  Spanish. 

Absence  of  crest  or  beard  in  any  variety  described  as  crested  or 
bearded,  or  any  appearance  of  crest  or  beard  in  any  variety  where  not 
called  for.     Absence  of  knob  or  dewlap  in  African  Geese. 

Absence  of  knob  in  Chinese  Geese. 

Web  feet  in  all  breeds  of  chickens. 

Birds  unworthy  of  a  score. 

In  any  breed  having  weight  clauses,  except  Asiatics  or  Bantams,  a 
specimen  falling  more  than  two  pounds  below  Standard  weight;  any 
specimen  belonging  to  the  Asiatic  classes  falling  more  than  three  pounds 
below  Standard  weight;  any  Bantam  weighing  more  than  four  ounces 
over- weight. 

Black  in  the  bean  or  bill  of  Pekin  and  Aylesbury  drakes. 

In  varieties  where  positive  white  in  ear-lobes  is  a  disqualification, 
judges  shall  disqualify  for  unmistakable  evidence  of  an  attempt  to  re- 
move the  defect. 

Faking  in  any  manner  shall  disqualify  the  specimen. 

The  comb  on  a  specimen  which  merely  turns  over  a  trifle  from  the 
natural  upright  position  is  not  to  disqualify. 

Under  all  disqualifying  clauses  the  specimen  shall  have  the  benefit 
of  the  doubt. 

CUTTING  FOR  DEFECTS. 

Judges,  in  applying  the  score  card,  are  to  discount  for  the  more  com. 
mon  defects,  as  follows:  Paints 

Too  many  or  too  few  points  on  comb,  each \ 

Thumb  mark  on  comb,  not  less  than 1 


34  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Points 

Rear  of  comb  turning  around \  to  1 

Coarse  texture  of  comb \  to  1 

Roughness,  irregularity,  hollow  center,  over-size  and  ill-shape  in 

comb  of  rose-comb  varieties,  each  defect \  to  2 

Coarse  texture  of  wattles £  to  1 

For  missing  feather  or  part  of  feather  in  primaries  or  secondaries, 

where  foreign  color  disqualifies 1    to  3 

Where  feather  is  broken,  but  not  detached,  in  primaries  or  sec- 
ondaries, where  foreign  color  disqualifies \ 

For  broken  or  missing  feather  or  feathers  in  primaries  or  second- 
aries of  buff  or  parti-colored  varieties,  where  foreign  color 
does  not  disqualify \ 

Absence  of  sickles,  where  foreign  color  disqualifies,  for  each  sickle  1^ 

Absence  of  sickles,  where  foreign  color  does  not  disqualify,  for 
each  sickle 1 

Absence  of  one  or  more  main  tail  feathers,  in  varieties  subject  to 
color  disqualifications,  each 1 

Absence  of  one  or  more  main  tail  feathers,  where  not  a  disquali- 
fication, each \ 

For  twisted  feather  or  feathers,  in  wing  or  tail  of  any  variety. . .   1    to  2 

Feathered  middle  toes  in  Langshans \  to  \\ 

Brassiness  in  all  varieties,  in  each  section  where  found 1    to  2 

Creaminess  of  plumage  or  quill  in  white  varieties,  except  where 

specified  creamy  white,  in  each  section  where  found \  to  1  \ 

Purple  barring  in  plumage  of  all  varieties,  in  each  section  where 

found \  to  2 

Frosty  edging  in  any  laced  section  of  laced  or  spangled  varieties,  in 

each  section  where  found \  to  \\ 

Irregular,  indistinct,  crescentic  or  too  heavy  lacing  in  laced  varie- 
ties, in  each  section  where  found \  to  1^ 

Irregular  barring  in  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks,  in  each  section 

where  found \  to  \\ 

Light  colored  shafting  in  buff  varieties,  in  each  section  where 

found \  to  \\ 

Gray  specks  in  any  part  of  plumage  of  white  varieties,  in  each  sec- 
tion where  found \  to  2 

Mealiness  in  plumage  of  buff  varieties,  in  each  section  where 

found \  to  H 

Mossy-centered  feathers  in  laced  varieties,  in  each  section  where 

found \  to  2j 

Irregular  or  deficient  penciling  in  penciled  varieties,  in  each  sec- 
tion where  found \  to  1  \ 

Black  or  white  in  buff  varieties,  in  each  section  where  found,  cut 
from  \  point  to  the  color  limit  in  the  section.    


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  35 

Points 
Slate  under-color  in  buff  varieties  and  Rhode  Island  Reds,  in  each 

section  where  found J  to  2 

Color  of  eyes  not  as  described  for  the  different  varieties \  to  1^ 

If  eye  shows  permanent  injury,  but  retains  its  form \  to  1 

If  eye  is  destroyed,  leaving  only  the  socket 1  \ 

Ear-lobes  of  Wyandottes  showing  any  positive  enamel  white \  to  2 

Any  positive  white  in  the  ear-lobes  of  any  variety  of  Cochins \ 

Positive  white  covering  one-third  or  more  of  the  surface  of  ear- 
lobes  of  any  variety  of  Cochins 1    to  2 

Red  markings  directly  above  the  eyes  of  White-Faced  Black 

Spanish \  to  1  \ 

For  positive  white  in  face  of  cocks  of  Mediterranean  class,  except 

in  White-Faced  Black  Spanish \  to  %\ 

Pinched  or  "Gamy"  tails  in  Leghorn  females \  to  lh 

If  tail  in  any  variety  shows  not  to  exceed  three-fourths  develop- 
ment     1 

If  tail  in  any  variety  shows  not  to  exceed  one-half  development. ...  2 
If  tail  in  any  variety  shows  not  to  exceed  one-fourth  development. .  3 
For  black  in  bean  of  white  ducks  (females),  except  in  White  Mus- 

covys 1 

For  black  in  bill  of  white  ducks  (females),  except  White  Muscovys, 

other  than  black  in  bean 1     to  1^ 

Down  between  the  toes  of  all  clean-shanked  varieties %  to  2 

Crooked  keel  or  breast  bone \  to  2 

For  each  bare  toe  in  Brahmas 1 

Crooked  toes,  each J  to  1 

In  Barred  Plymouth  Rocks  for  black  feather  or  feathers,  in  each 

section  where  found \  to  1  \ 


DESCRIPTION   OF   BREEDS. 


Breeds 


Class  I. 
AMERICAN. 


Plymouth  Rocks . 


I 


Varieties 

Barred 

White 

Buff 

Silver  Penciled 

Partridge 

Columbian 

Silver 

Golden 

White 

Buff 

Black 

Partridge 

Silver  Penciled 

Columbian 

Javas (  ?***  , 

I  Mottled 

Dominiques Rose  Comb 

Rhode  Island  Reds j  Single  Comb 

(  Rose  Comb 

Buckeyes Pea  Comb 


Wyandottes. 


SCALE  OF  POINTS  FOR  THE  AMERICAN  CLASS. 

Symmetry 4 

Weight 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 8 

Head  — ■  Shape  2,  Color  2 i  4 

Beak  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Eyes  — ■  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Wattles  and  Ear-lobes  —  Shape  2,  Color  3 5 

Neck  —  Shape  3,  Color  5 8 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  5 9 

Back  —  Shape  6,  Color5 11 

Tail  —  Shape  5,  Color5 10 

Breast  —  Shape  6,  Color  5 11 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  5,  Color3 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 _. 6 

86  100 


PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

The  Plymouth  Rocks  for  many  years  have  continued  as  America's 
most  popular  fowl.  They  belong  to  those  classed  as  "general  purpose 
fowls,"  breeds  that  have  proven  value  as  market-poultry  and  as  layers. 
The  pioneer  variety  was  the  Barred  Plymouth  Rock,  which  was  first  ex- 
hibited in  March,  1869,  at  Worcester,  Mass.  In  size  the  Plymouth  Rock 
is  intermediate  between  the  Asiatic  and  Mediterranean  breeds.  The 
most  typical  and  useful  specimens  are  those  which  are  bred  nearest  to 
Standard  weights.  They  mature  rapidly  and  have  much  merit  to  com- 
mend them  to  those  growing  poultry  for  market,  as  well  as  those  desiring 
good  egg  production,  as  they  are  producers  of  large,  brown  eggs  in  goodly 
numbers.  To  one  who  is  familiar  with  the  extremes  in  fowls  as  regards 
length  of  the  various  sections,  the  Plymouth  Rock  will  be  recognized  as 
medium,  or  rather  long  and  rather  deep  in  all  sections.  The  six  varieties  — 
the  Barred,  White,  Buff,  Silver  Penciled,  Partridge  and  Columbian  — 
are  identical,  except  in  color.  The  color  of  the  Barred  variety  is  exceed- 
ingly difficult  to  describe;  in  fact,  the  true  and  exact  shades  can  be  learned 
only  by  observation.  The  colors  should  be  modified  black  and  white  in 
all  sections,  the  bars  narrow,  regular  and  running  parallel  across  the 
feathers,  the  over-lapping  of  the  feathers  producing  a  bluish  tinge  when 
viewed  under  certain  light-reflections.  The  perfect  colored  Barred  Ply- 
mouth Rock  should  show  the  same  shade  of  color  in  all  sections  and  be 
barred  to  the  skin.  The  White  variety  of  this  breed  is  clear  white,  as  the 
name  indicates.  It  should  be  free  from  brassiness,  creaminess  and  straw 
color  in  all  sections  of  the  plumage.  The  combination  of  clear  white 
plumage,  with  bright  red  comb,  wattles,  ear-lobes,  face  and  eyes,  and 
yellow  legs  and  beak,  is  both  desirable  and  obtainable.  The  shade  of 
color  in  the  plumage  of  the  Buff  variety  is  a  rich  golden  buff.  What  are 
termed  cinnamon  and  lemon  buff  are  the  two  extremes  that  should  be 
avoided.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections  is  most  desirable, 
i.e.,  the  same  shade  of  color  should  prevail  throughout  the  specimen. 
The  contrast  of  black  and  white  in  males,  and  finely  penciled  steel-gray 
in  females  will  attract  many  to  the  Silver  Penciled  variety. 

STANDARD  W'EIGHTS. 

Cock 9jlbs.  Hen 1\  lbs. 

Cockerel 8    lbs.  Pullet 6    lbs. 

37 


38  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Moderately  large,  broad,  medium  in  length. 

Beak:  Stout,  comparatively  short,  regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Full,  prominent. 

Comb:  Single,  rather  small  in  proportion  to  size  of  specimen,  set 
firmly  on  the  head,  straight  and  upright,  evenly  serrated,  having  five  well- 
defined  points,  those  in  front  and  at  rear  a  trifle  smaller  than  the  other 
three,  giving  the  comb  a  semi-oval  appearance  when  viewed  from  the  side; 
fine  in  texture;  blade  not  conforming  too  closely  to  head. 

Wattles  and  E ar-Lobes  :  Wattles,  moderately  long,  free  from  ser- 
rations, nicely  rounded  at  the  lower  edges,  equal  in  length,  fine  in  texture, 
free  from  folds  or  wrinkles.  Ear-lobes,  oblong,  smooth,  hanging  about 
half  the  length  of  wattles. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  slightly  arched,  having  abundant  hackle  flow- 
ing well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded;  wing-fronts  well  covered  by 
the  breast  feathers  and  wing-points  well  covered  by  the  saddle  feathers. 

Back:  Rather  long,  broad  its  entire  length,  flat  at  shoulders,  nearly 
horizontal  from  neck  to  saddle,  where  there  is  a  slight  concave  sweep  to 
tail;  saddle  feathers,  rather  long,  abundant,  filling  well  in  front  of  tail. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  moderately  well  spread,  carried  at  an 
angle  of  forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal,  forming  no  apparent  angle 
with  the  back;  sickles,  well  curved,  covering  tops  of  main  tail  feathers, 
conforming  to  the  general  shape  of  the  tail ;  lesser  sickles  and  tail-coverts 
of  medium  length,  nicely  curved  and  sufficiently  abundant  to  almost  hide 
the  stiff  feathers  of  the  tail  when  viewed  from  front  or  side. 

Breast:  Broad,  moderately  deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  long,  broad,  deep,  full;  keel-bone, 
rather  long,  straight,  extending  well  forward,  connecting  with  breast  so 
as  to  make  no  break  in  outline.     Fluff,  moderately  full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  large,  of  medium  length,  well  covered  with 
soft  feathers.  Shanks,  of  medium  length,  smooth,  straight,  stout,  set  well 
apart.  Toes,  straight,  of  medium  length,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes 
free  from  feathers,  stubs  or  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Moderately  large,  broad,  medium  in  length. 

Beak:  Comparatively  short,   regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Full,  prominent. 

Comb:  Single,  small,  proportional  to  the  size  of  the  specimen,  set 
firmly  on  the  head,  straight  and  upright,  evenly  serrated,  having  five  well- 
defined  points,  those  in  front  and  at  rear  being  somewhat  smaller  and 
shorter  than  the  other  three. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  39 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  well  rounded,  equal  in 
length,  fine  in  texture.     Ear-lobes,  oblong  in  shape,  smooth. 

Neck:  Medium  in  length,  nicely  curved  and  tapering  to  head,  where 
it  is  comparatively  small;  hackle,  moderately  full,  flowing  well  over  the 
shoulders  with  no  apparent  break  at  juncture  of  neck  and  back. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded;  wing-fronts,  well  covered  by 
the  breast  feathers. 

Back:  Rather  long,  broad  its  entire  length,  flat  at  shoulders,  rising 
with  a  slightly  concave  incline  to  tail. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  fairly  well  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of 
thirty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal,  forming  no  apparent  angle  with 
the  back;  tail -coverts,  well  developed. 

Breast:  Broad,  moderately  deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  long,  moderately  deep,  full;  keel 
bone,  rather  long,  straight  from  front  to  rear  and  extending  well  forward, 
connected  with  the  breast  so1  as  to  make  no  break  in  outline.  Fluff,  full, 
of  medium  length. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  size  and  length,  well  covered 
with  soft  feathers.  Shanks,  of  medium  length,  set  well  apart,  stout  and 
smooth.  Toes,  of  medium  size  and  length,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks 
and  toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  or  down. 

BARRED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  red  in  any  part  of  plumage;  two  or  more 
solid  black  primaries,  secondaries  or  main  tail  feathers;  shanks  other 
than  yellow,  with  due  allowances  for  fading  with  age,  dark  spots  not  to 
disqualify.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Yellow;  red  showing  at  outside  of  shanks  back 
of  scales,  not  a  defect  in  males. 

Plumage:  Grayish- white,  each  feather  crossed  by  regular,  narrow, 
parallel,  sharply-defined,  dark  bars  that  stop  short  of  positive  black;  free 
from  shafting,  brownish  tinge  or  metallic  sheen;  the  light  and  dark  bars 
to  be  of  equal  width  and  to  extend  throughout  the  length  of  the  feathers 
in  all  sections  of  the  fowl,  each  feather  on  females  ending  with  a  narrow, 
dark  tip,  the  combination  of  overlapping  feathers  giving  the  plumage  a 
bluish  appearance. 


40 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BARRED    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  41 


BARRED    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   FEMALE 


42  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

WHITE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

D  isqualificat  ions. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  red,  buff  or  positive  black  in  any  part  of 
plumage;  shanks  other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow;  red  showing  at  outside  of  shanks 
back  of  scales,  not  a  defect  in  males. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers,  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  43 

BUFF  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

D  isqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  shanks  other  than  yellow.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow;  red  showing  at  outside  of  shanks, 
back  of  scales,  not  a  defect. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance,  the  head,  neck,  hackle,  back, 
wing-bows  and  saddle  richly  glossed;  under-color,  a  lighter  shade,  free 
from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or  more  sections  is  a 
serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections  is  most 
desirable. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face.  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance,  the  head  and  neck  plumage 
showing  a  luster  of  the  same  shade  as  the  rest  of  the  plumage;  under- 
color, a  lighter  shade,  free  from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff 
in  two  or  more  sections  is  a  serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of 
buff  in  all  sections  is  most  desirable. 


44  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


WHITE    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  45 


WHITE    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   FEMALE 


46 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


*?v    *""  ^B 

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BUFF   PLYMQUTH    ROCK   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


47 


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BUFF   PLYMOUTH    ROCK   FEMALE 


48  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SILVER  PENCILED  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  shanks  and  toes  other  than  yellow  or 
dusky  yellow. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  silvery  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  dusky  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  with  a  lustrous,  greenish-black  stripe  extend- 
ing down  each  feather,  and  running  nearly  parallel  with  edges  of  feather, 
and  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  under-color,  slate  or  bluish- 
white. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  silvery  white;  primaries,  black,  excepting  a 
narrow  edging  of  white  on  lower  edge  of  lower  web;  secondaries,  black, 
except  lower  half  of  lower  web,  which  should  be  white,  except  near  end 
of  feathers,  at  which  point  the  white  terminates  abruptly  leaving  the  end 
of  the  feathers  black;  wing-coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  forming  a 
well-defined  bar  of  this  color  across  wing  when  folded. 

Back:  Silvery  white,  free  from  brown;  saddle,  silvery  white,  with  a 
black  stripe  in  each  feather,  same  as  hackle;  under-color,  slate  or  bluish- 
white. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles,  lustrous  greenish-black;  coverts,  lustrous  green- 
ish-black, edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Black;  under-color,  slate  or  bluish- white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black;  under-color,  slate  or  bluish- white. 
Fluff,  black,  slightly  tinged  with  gray. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow,  or  dusky 
yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides  of  shanks  back  of  scales,  not  a  defect. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  dusky  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  with  broad  black  stripe  running  nearly  parallel 
with  edges  and  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather,  tapering  to  a  point 
near  its  extremity  and  free  from  white  shaft;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  with  narrow  edge  of  steel-gray  penciling 
on  lower  web;  secondaries,  upper  web  black,  lower  web  gray,  with  distinct 
dark  penciling  extending  around  outer  edge  of  feather;  shoulder  and  wing- 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  40 

coverts,  steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  conform 
to  shape  of  feather;  under-color,  slate. 

Back:  Steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  con- 
form to  shape  of  feather;  feathers  free  from  white  shaft;  under-color, 
slate. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which  are  penciled  on  upper 
edge;  coverts,  gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  con- 
form to  shape  of  feather. 

Breast:  Steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which 
conform  to  shape  of  feather,  the  penciling  reaching  well  up  on  throat; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling, 
outlines  of  which  conform  to  shape  of  feather,  the  penciling  reaching  well 
down  on  thighs.  Fluff,  steel-gray,  tinged  with  lighter  shade;  under- 
color,   slate. 

Legs  and  Toes.  Thighs,  gray,  with  distinct  penciling.  Shanks 
and  toes,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 

Note:    Each  feather  in  hock,  breast,   body  and  wing-bows  to  have 
two  or  more  distinct  pencilings, 


50 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER    PENCILED    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


51 


SILVER    PENCILED    PLYMOUTH   ROCK    FEMALE 


52  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

PARTRIDGE  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  positive  white  extending  into  tail  feathers 
of  cockerel;  shanks  other  than  yellow  or  dusky  yellow.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  bright  red. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Bright  red,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  running 
nearly  parallel  with  edges  and  extending  through  each  feather,  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Wing- bows,  dark  red;  fronts,  black;  primaries,  black,  lower 
edges  of  web,  reddish-bay;  secondaries,  black,  outside  web  reddish-bay 
terminating  with  greenish-black  at  end  of  each  feather;  coverts,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  forming  well-defined  bar  of  this  color  across  wing  when 
folded. 

N  Back:  Dark  red;  saddle,  bright  red,  with  lustrous  greenish-black 
stripe  down  the  middle  of  each  feather,  same  as  in  hackle;  under-color, 
slate. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  edged  with 
bright  red. 

"Breast:  Lustrous  black;  under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black.     Fluff,   black;  under-color,   slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black,  under-color,  slate  Shank  plum- 
age, black  or  brownish-black.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 
Toe  plumage,  black  or  brownish- black. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  mahogany  brown. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  into  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck-  Bright  red,  with  a  lustrous  black  stripe  extending  down  the 
middle  of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edge  of  feather  and 
tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,   mahogany   brown,   penciled   with   black;   pri 
maries,  black,  with  edging  of  mahogany  brown  on  outer  web;  second- 
aries, inner  web  black,  outer  web  mahogany  brown  penciled  with  black, 
penciling  conforming  to  shape  of  feather. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  53 

Back:  Mahogany  brown,  distinctly  penciled  with  black,  the  out- 
lines of  penciling  conforming  to  shape  of  feather;  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  the  two  top  feathers  black,  penciled  with  mahogany 
brown  on  upper  edge;  coverts,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black. 

Breast:  Mahogany  brown,  distinctly  penciled  with  black,  the  pen- 
ciling being  of  same  character  as  that  of  back  and  extending  to  throat; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black. 
Fluff,  mahogany  brown;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thigh,  shank  and  toe  plumage,  mahogany  brown, 
penciled  with  black.     Shanks  and  feet,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 


54 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


PARTRIDGE    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   MALE 


fiSft 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


55 


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PARTRIDGE  PLYMOUTH  ROCK  FEMALE 


56  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

COLUMBIAN  PLYMOUTH  ROCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  shanks  other  than  yellow.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,   white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  with  dark  stripe  down  upper  mandible. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  white;  hackle,  web  white,  with 
solid,  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending  from  fluff  down  middle  of 
each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edges  of  feather  and  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity.     Under-color,  white,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Wings  :  Wing- bows,  white,  except  fronts  which  may  be  partly  black ; 
primaries,  black,  with  white  edging  on  lower  edge  of  lower  web;  second- 
aries, lower  portion  of  lower  web  white,  sufficient  to  secure  a  white  wing- 
bay,  the  white  extending  around  ends  of  feathers  and  lacing  upper  por- 
tion of  upper  web,  this  color  growing  wider  in  the  shorter  secondaries, 
the  five  next  to  the  body  being  white  on  surface  when  wing  is  folded; 
remainder  of  each  secondary,  black. 

Back:  Surface  color,  white;  cape,  black  and  white;  saddle,  white, 
with  occasional  feathers  striped  with  black;  under-color,  either  white, 
bluish-white  or  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  the  curling  feathers  underneath,  white,  or  black  and 
white;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black;  lesser  coverts,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Surface  and  under-color,  white;  under-color  at  juncture 
with  body,  white,  bluish  white  or  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  except  under  wings  where  it  may 
be  white,  bluish- white  or  slate;  under-color,  white  or  bluish- white.  Fluff, 
white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish- white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  surface  color,  white;  under-color,  white 
or  bluish-white.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides 
back  of  scales  not  a  defect. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  yellow  with  dark  stripe  down  the  upper  mandible. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  beginning  at  juncture  of  head  with  neck,  web,  white, 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  57 

with  a  solid,  wide,  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe,  extending  down  middle 
of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edges  of  feather  and  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Wing- bows,  white;  primaries,  black,  with  white  edging  on 
lower  edge  of  lower  web;  secondaries,  lower  portion  of  lower  web,  white, 
sufficient  to  secure  a  white  wing-bay,  the  white  extending  around  the  ends 
and  lacing  upper  portion  of  upper  web,  this  color  growing  wider  in  the 
shorter  secondaries,  the  five  next  to  the  body  being  white  on  the  surface 
when  wing  is  folded;  remainder  of  each  secondary,  black. 

Back:  Surface,  white,  occasional  black  ticking  not  a  serious  defect; 
cape,  white,  or  black  and  white;  under-color,  white,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which  are  edged  with  white; 
tail-coverts,  black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Surface  and  under-color,  white;  under-color,  at  juncture 
with  body,  white  or  bluish-white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  except  under  wings,  where  it  may 
be  white  or  bluish- white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish-white.  Fluff, 
white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish-white. 
Shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 


58 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


COLUMBIAN    PLYMOUTH    ROCK   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


59 


COLUMBIAN    PLYMOUTH    ROCK    FEMALE 


WYANDOTTES. 

The  Wyandottes*  are  of  American  origin  and  were  known  in  their 
early  history  by  several  names  —  each  section  of  the  country  where  they 
were  found  seeming  to  have  a  name  that  was  given  by  the  breeder  who 
first  introduced  them.  They  were  known  as  Sebrights,  Mooneys,  Ameri- 
can Sebrights  and  a  number  of  names  which  their  peculiar  markings 
would  indicate.  The  name  Wyandotte  was  not  applied  until  they  were 
admitted  to  the  Standard  in  1883.  It  was  thought  by  some  that  this 
name  would  injure  their  popularity,  but  by  eliminating  all  former  names 
it  seems  to  have  done  much  to  make  them  the  more  popular.  Just 
what  breeds  entered  into  the  first  Silver  Wyandottes  it  is  impossible  to 
say.  That  Dark  Brahmas  and  Silver  Spangled  Hamburgs  were  two  of 
them,  has  been  proven,  as  a  cross  of  these  two  gives  a  breed  that  resembles 
them,  but  fails  in  shape  and  partly  in  color,  showing  that  some  other  — 
an  unknown  —  cross  was  added.  They  have,  since  their  admission  to  the 
Standard,  been  one  of  the  most  popular  middle-weight  breeds. 

The  wide  range  of  color  found  in  the  eight  varieties  allows  every 
admirer  to  indulge  his  fancy.  Each  variety  has  points  of  color  difficult 
to  obtain,  and  when  obtained,  places  a  high  valuation  on  the  specimen. 
No  one  variety  can  claim  a  higher  fancy  or  commercial  value  than  the 
other,  as  all  are  popular,  and  all  are  much  sought  for.  Whichever  variety 
one  may  choose,  he  will  find  interesting  color  problems  to  solve.  In  the 
Whites,  it  will  be  how  to  secure  fine  white  plumage  and  escape  creami- 
ness  and  brassiness;  in  the  Blacks,  how  to  obtain  greenish,  glossy  black, 
without  the  purple  barring;  in  the  Silvers,  how  to  obtain  silvery  hackles 
and  saddles  free  from  brassiness,  large,  oval  white  centers  free  from 
mossiness,  and  breast  lacing  free  from  white  edging;  in  the  Goldens,  how 
to  get  the  correct  shade  of  golden  bay,  which  in  this  variety  supplants  the 
white  of  the  Silvers;  in  the  Buffs,  how  to  secure  an  even  shade  of  rich, 
golden  buff,  and  have  the  same  shade  of  color  prevail  through  the  speci- 
men, and  to  avoid  the  out-cropping  of  black  and  white;  in  the  Partridge 
and  Silver  Penciled  varieties,  how  to  obtain  the  rich  foundation  color  with 
distinct,  clean-cut  lacing  in  neck  and  back  of  males,  with  the  fine  double 
penciling  in  females;  in  the  Columbians,  how  to  keep  the  surface  of  neck, 
back  and  wing-bows  of  males  free  from  brassiness,  and  secure  distinct  lac- 
ing of  neck,  with  black  tails,  laced  coverts  and  black  wing-flights,  and  the 
beautiful  laced  neck  and  tail-coverts  of  females,  with  black  wing-flights. 

*Note:  Fred  A.  Houdlette,  who  suggested  the  name  Wyandotte,  says  the  name  was  given  in  honor 
of  a  coasting  vessel  bearing  the  name  Wyandotte,  which  belonged  to  his  father. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  61 

In  shape,  Wyandottes  have  a  type  peculiarly  their  own.  It  is  em- 
phatically a  bird  of  curves.  Fanciers  should  strive  to  maintain  its  short, 
broad  back  and  deep,  round  body.  These  characteristics  exceed  in  value 
all  color  considerations  and  are  found  in  the  typical  Wyandotte  at  all  ages, 
whether  alive  or  dressed.  Its  curved,  close-fitting  comb  adds  to  the  sym- 
metry of  the  bird. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock Sh  lbs.  Hen 6*  lbs. 

Cockerel 7$  lbs.  Pullet oh  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Short,  round,  broad. 

Beak:  Short,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Rose,  low,  firm  on  head;  top,  oval  and  surface  covered  with 
small,  rounded  points,  tapering  to  a  well-defined  point  at  rear;  the  entire 
comb  curving  to  conform  to  shape  of  skull. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  moderately  long,  nicely  rounded 
at  lower  edges,  equal  in  length,  fine  in  texture,  free  from  folds  or  wrinkles. 
Ear-lobes,  oblong,  well-defined,  hanging  about  half  the  length  of  wattles, 
smooth. 

Neck:  Short,  well  arched;  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  well  over 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Small,  not  carried  too  close  to  body;  sides  well  rounded. 

Back:  Short,  broad,  flat  at  shoulders;  saddle,  broad,  full,  rising  with 
concave  sweep  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Short,  well  spread  at  base,  carried  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees 
from  the  horizontal  (see  illustration);  sickles,  moderately  long,  curving 
gracefully  and  closely  over  tail;  coverts,  abundant,  filling  out  well  in  front, 
almost  hiding  the  stiff  feathers. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  round. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  short,  deep,  round,  with  low-set  keel. 
Fluff,  full-feathered,  well  rounded. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  stout,  showing  outline  of  shape 
when  viewed  sideways,  well  covered  with  soft  feathers;  shanks,  short, 
stout,  set  well  apart,  well  rounded.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  and  toes 
free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Short,  round;  crown,  broad. 

Beak:  Short,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Rose,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  much  smaller. 


62  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Wattles,  fine  in  texture,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  oblong  in  shape,  well  defined,  smooth. 

Neck:  Short,  well  arched;  hackle,  abundant. 

Wings:  Small,  well  rounded,  well  folded;  wing-fronts,  well  covered 
by  breast  feathers. 

Back:  Short,  broad,  flat  at  shoulders,  rising  in  a  concave  sweep  to  a 
broad,  slightly- rounded  cushion,  which  extends  well  on  to  main  tail; 
plumage,  abundant. 

Tail:  Short,  well  spread  at  base,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees 
from  the  horizontal.     (See  illustration.)     Coverts,  abundant. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  round. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  short,  deep,  round,  with  low-set  keel. 
Fluff,  full-feathered,  well  rounded. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  stout,  well  spread,  showing  outline 
of  shape  when  viewed  sideways,  well  covered  with  soft  feathers;  shanks, 
short,  set  well  apart,  stout,  well  rounded.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  and 
toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

SILVER  WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  shanks 
other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  white,  each  feather  having  a  black  stripe, 
tapering  to  a  fine  point  near  its  extremity. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  a  clear,  black  stripe  through  each  feather, 
tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  shafts  of  feathers,  white;  under- 
color, slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  lower  edge  white;  secondaries,  black, 
lower  half  of  outer  web  white,  with  a  narrow  black  edging  wider  at  the 
tip,  wing-coverts,  upper  web  black,  lower  web  white,  with  a  narrow  black 
stripe  along  the  edge  that  widens  as  it  approaches  the  tip,  forming  a  double 
bar  of  laced  feathers  across  wing;  wing-bows,  silvery  white;  under-color, 
slate. 

Back:  Silvery  white;  saddle,  silvery  white,  a  black  stripe  through 
each  feather,  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity,  having  a  tapering, 
diamond-shaped  center  of  white:  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black;   sickles  and  greater  coverts,  lustrous  greenish- black; 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  63 

lesser  coverts,  black,  with  diamond-shaped  white  centers,  feathers  laced 
with  white. 

Breast:  Web  of  each  feather,  white,  laced  with  a  narrow,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of  feather; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  web  of  each  feather,  white,  laced  with  a 
narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to 
edge  of  feather;  under-color,  slate.  Fluff,  slate,  powdered  with  gray; 
under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  web  of  each  feather,  white,  laced  with  a 
narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to 
edge  of  feather;  under-color,  slate.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow;  red  showing 
at  outer  sides,  back  of  scales,  not  a  defect.  Shanks,  free  from  feathers, 
stubs  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  with  a  black  stripe  through  each  feather, 
tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  shafts  of  feathers,  white;  under- 
color, slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  the  lower  edge,  white;  secondaries,  black, 
lower  half  of  outer  web  white,  with  a  narrow  black  edging,  wider  at  the  tip; 
shoulders  and  wing-coverts,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  a  narrow, 
lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  the  edge 
of  the  feather;  wing-bows,  Avhite,  each  feather  laced  with  a  narrow,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of  the  feather; 
under-color,  slate. 

Back:  WTeb  of  each  feather,  white,  laced  with  a  narrow,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of  feather; 
under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black;  the  upper  sides  of  the  two  top  feathers  edged  with 
white;  greater  coverts,  black:  lesser  coverts,  black  with  white  centers. 

Breast:  White,  each  feather  laced  with  a  narrow,  lustrous  greenish- 
black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of  feather;  under-color, 
slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  web  of  each  feather,  white,  laced  with  a 
narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to 
edge  of  feather;  under-color,  slate.  Fluff,  slate,  powdered  with  gray; 
under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  web  of  each  feather,  white,  laced  with  a 
narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to 
edge  of  feather:  under-color,  slate.     Shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 


64 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER   WYANDOTTE    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


65 


SILVER    WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


66  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

GOLDEN  WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  shanks  other 
than  yellow  or  dusky  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  golden  bay,  each  feather  having  a  black  stripe, 
tapering  to  a  fine  point  near  its  extremity. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes  :  Bay,  or  reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Golden  bay,  with  a  clear  black  stripe  through  each  feather, 
tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  shafts  of  feathers,  golden  bay; 
under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  lower  edge  golden  bay:  secondaries,  black, 
lower  half  of  outer  web  golden  bay,  with  a  narrow  black  edging,  wider 
at  tip;  wing-coverts,  upper  web  black,  lower  web  golden  bay,  with  a  nar- 
row black  stripe  along  the  edge  that  widens  as  it  approaches  the  tip, 
forming  a  double  bar  of  laced  feathers  across  wing;  wing-bows,  golden 
bay;  under-color,  slate. 

Back:  Golden  bay;  saddle,  golden  bay  with  a  black  stripe  through 
each  feather,  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity,  having  a  diamond- 
shaped  center  of  golden  bay;  under-color,  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  greater  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black; 
lesser  coverts,  black,  with  diamond-shaped  golden  bay  centers,  feathers 
laced  with  golden  bay. 

Breast:  Web  of  each  feather,  golden  bay,  laced  with  a  narrow, 
lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of 
feather;  under-color,  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  web  of  each  feather,  golden  bay,  laced  with 
a  narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to 
edge  of  feather;  under-color,  dark  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay.  Fluff, 
slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  web  of  each  feather,  golden  bay,  laced 
with  a  narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform 
to  edge  of  feather;  under-color,  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay.  Shanks 
and  toes,  yellow,  or  dusky  yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides,  back  of 
scales,  not  a  defect. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  golden  bay. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  67 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Golden  bay,  with  a  black  stripe  through  the  center,  each 
feather  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  shaft  of  feathers,  golden 
bay;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  the  lower  edge  golden  bay;  secondaries, 
black,  lower  half  of  outer  web  golden  bay,  with  a  narrow  black  edging 
wider  at  the  tip;  shoulders  and  wing-coverts,  lustrous  black,  with  oval- 
shaped,  golden  bay  centers;  lacing  heavier  over  wing- bows;  under-color, 
slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay. 

Back:  Web  of  each  feather,  golden-bay,  laced  with  a  narrow,  lus- 
trous greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of  feather; 
under-color,  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay. 

Tail:  Black;  the  upper  sides  of  the  two  top  feathers  edged  with 
golden  bay.  Greater  coverts,  black;  lesser  coverts,  black,  with  golden 
bay  centers. 

Breast:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  a  narrow,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform  to  edge  of  feather; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  web  of  each  feather,  golden  bay,  laced 
with  a  narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform 
to  edge  of  feather;  under-color,  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay.  Fluff,, 
slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  web  of  each  feather,  golden  bay,  laced 
with  a  narrow,  lustrous  greenish-black,  sharply  defined  lacing,  to  conform 
to  edge  of  feather;  under-color,  slate,  tinged  with  golden  bay.  Legs  and 
toes,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 


68 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


GOLDEN   WYANDOTTE    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


69 


GOLDEN    WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


70  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

WHITE  WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  red,  buff  or 
positive  black  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than  yellow.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 
Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides,  back  of 
scales,  not  a  defect  in  males. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  while. 

BLACK  WYANDOTTES. 

D  isqu  all fi  cations . 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  red  in  any 
part  of  plumage  or  white  in  any  feather  extending  more  than  one-half 
inch;  shanks  other  than  black,  shading  into  yellow  or  willow;  bottoms  of 
feet  other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black,  shaded  with  yellow. 
Eyes:  Black,  or  dark  brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Black,  shading  into  yellow  or  willow. 
Bottoms  of  Feet:  Yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout;  under- 
color, black. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  71 

BUFF  WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  shanks 
other  than  yelkow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides,  back  of 
scales,  not  a  defect. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance,  the  head,  neck,  hackle,  back, 
wing-bows  and  saddle  richly  glossed;  under-color,  a  lighter  shade,  free 
from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or  more  sections  is  a 
serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections  is  most 
desirable. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,   Face,   Wattles  and  Eak-Lobes:  Bright   red. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Rich  yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance,  the  head  and  neck  plumage 
showing  luster  of  the  same  shade  as  the  rest  of  the  plumage:  under-color 
a  lighter  shade,  free  from  foreign  color. .  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two 
or  more  sections  is  a  serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in 
all  sections  is  most  desirable. 


72 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


WHITE   WYANDOTTE    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


73 


WHITE    WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


74 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BUFF   WYANDOTTE   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  75 


BUFF   WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


76  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

PARTRIDGE  WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  shanks  other 
than  yellow  or  dusky  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  bright  red. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Bright  red,  with  a  lustrous  greenish- black  stripe  running 
nearly  parallel  with  edges  and  extending  through  each  feather,  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  lower  edges  reddish-bay;  secondaries, 
black,  outside  web,  reddish-bay,  terminating  with  greenish-black  at  end 
of  each  feather;  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  forming  a  well  defined 
bar  of  this  color  across  wing,  when  folded;  wing- bows,  dark  red;  fronts, 
black. 

Back:  Dark  red;  saddle,  bright  red,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black 
stripe  down  the  middle  of  each  feather,  same  as  in  hackle;  under-color, 
slate. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black;  lesser 
coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  edged  with  bright  red. 

Breast:  Lustrous  black;  under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body  and  fluff,  black,  marked  with  reddish- 
brown,  reddish-brown  not  to  predominate;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow;  red 
showing  at  outer  sides,  back  of  scales,  not  a  defect. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  mahogany  brown. 

Beak:  Dark  brown,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Reddish-bay,  center  portion  of  feathers  black  penciled  with 
mahogany  brown  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather,  running  nearly 
parallel  with  edges  of  feather  and  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  with  edging  of  mahogany  brown  on  outer 
web;  secondaries,  inner  web,  black;  outer  web,  mahogany  brown,  penciled 
with  black;  coverts,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black,  penciling  con- 
forming to  shape  of  feather;  wing-bows,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with 
black. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  77 

Back:  Mahogany  brown,  distinctly  penciled  with  black,  the  outlines 
of  penciling  conforming  to  shape  of  feathers;  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  the  two  top  feathers,  black,  penciled  with  mahogany 
brown;  coverts,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black. 

Breast:  Mahogany  brown,  distinctly  penciled  with  black,  the  pen- 
ciling being  of  the  same  character  as  that  of  back  and  extending  to  throat; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black; 
fluff,  mahogany  brown;  under-coloi%  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black; 
shanks  and  toes,  yellow,  or  dusky  yellow. 

Note:  Each  feather  in  back,  breast,  body  and  wing-bows  to  have 
two  or  more  distinct  pencilings  and  to  be  free  from  shafting. 


78 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


PARTRIDGE    WYANDOTTE    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


79 


PARTRIDGE    WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


80  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SILVER  PENCILED   WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  shanks 
other  than  yellow,  or  dusky  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  dusky  yellow. 

Eyes  :  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending 
down  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edges  of  feather  and  taper- 
ing to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  under-color,  slate  or  bluish-white. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  excepting  a  narrow  edging  of  white  on 
lower  edge  of  web;  secondaries,  black  except  lower  half  of  lower  web  which 
should  be  white,  except  near  end  of  feather,  at  which  point  the  white  ter- 
minates abruptly,  leaving  end  of  feather  black;  coverts,  lustrous  greenish- 
black,  forming  a  well  defined  bar  of  this  color  across  wing  when  folded; 
bows,  silvery  white. 

Back:  Silvery  white,  free  from  brown;  saddle,  silvery  white,  with  a 
black  stripe  in  each  feather  same  as  hackle;  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish- black;  lesser 
coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Black;  under-color,  slate,  or  bluish- white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black;  under-color,  slate,  or  bluish-white. 
Fluff,  black,  slightly  tinged  with  gray. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow,  or  dusky 
yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides,  back  of  scales,  not  a  defect. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  dusky  yellow. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  with  broad  black  stripe  running  nearly  parallel 
with  edges  and  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather,  tapering  to  a  point 
near  its  extremity  and  free  from  white  shaft;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  with  narrow  edging  of  gray  penciling  on 
lower  web;  secondaries,  upper  web,  black;  lower  web,  steel-gray,  with 
distinct  dark  penciling  extending  around  outer  end  of  feather;  shoulder 
and  wing  coverts,  steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of 
which  conform  to  shape  of  feather;  under-color,  slate. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  81 

Back:  Steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which 
conform  to  shape  of  feathers;  feathers  free  from  white  shafts;  under-color, 
slate. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers,  which  are  penciled  on 
upper  edge;  coverts,  steel-gray  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of 
which  conform  to  shape  of  feather. 

Breast:  Steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which 
conform  to  shape  of  feather,  the  penciling  reaching  well  up  on  throat; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  steel-gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling, 
outlines  of  which  conform  to  shape  of  feather,  the  penciling  reaching  well 
down  on  thighs.      Fluff,  gray,  tinged  with  lighter  shade;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  steel-gray,  with  distinct  penciling;  shanks 
and  toes,  yellow,  or  dusky  yellow. 

Note:  Each  feather  in  back,  breast,  body  and  wing-bows  to  have 
two  or  more  distinct  pencilings. 


82  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER    PENCILED    WYANDOTTE    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


83 


SILVER   PENCILED    WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


84  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

COLUMBIAN  WYANDOTTES. 

Disqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-quarter  positive  enamel  white;  shanks  other 
than  yellow. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  with  dark  stripe  down  upper  mandible. 

Eyes:  Bay,  or  reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  white;  hackle,  web  white,  with 
solid,  lustrous  greenish- black  stripe  extending  from  fluff  down  middle 
of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edges  of  feather  and  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity.     Under-color,  white,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  white,  except  fronts  which  may  be  partly  black; 
primaries,  black,  with  white  edging  on  lower  edge  of  lower  web;  second- 
aries, lower  portion  of  lower  web  white,  sufficient  to  secure  a  white  wing- 
bay,  the  white  extending  around  ends  of  feathers  and  lacing  upper  portion 
of  upper  web,  this  color  growing  wider  in  the  shorter  secondaries,  the  five 
next  to  the  body  being  white  on  surface  when  wing  is  folded;  remainder 
of  each  secondary,  black. 

Back:  Surface  color,  white;  cape,  black  and  white;  saddle,  white, 
with  occasional  feathers  striped  with  black;  under-color,  either  white, 
bluish-white  or  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  the  curling  feathers  underneath,  white,  or  black  and 
white;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black;  lesser  coverts,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Surface  and  under-color,  white;  under-color  at  juncture 
with  body,  white,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  except  under  wings  where  it  may  be 
white,  bluish- white  or  slate;  under-color,  white,  or  bluish- white.  Fluff, 
white;  under-color,  white,  or  bluish- white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  surface  color,  white;  under-color,  white  or 
bluish- white.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow;  red  showing  at  outer  sides,  back 
of  scales,  not  a  defect. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  yellow  with  dark  stripe  down  the  upper  mandible. 
Eyes  :  Bay,  or  reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Neck:  Hackle,  beginning  at  juncture  of  head  with  neck,  web,  white, 
with  a  solid,  wide,  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending  down  middle 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  85 

of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edges  of  feather  and  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Wing- bows,  white;  primaries,  black,  with  white  edging  on 
lower  edge  of  lower  web;  secondaries,  lower  portion  of  lower  web,  white, 
sufficient  to  secure  a  white  wing-bay,  the  white  extending  around  the  ends 
and  lacing  upper  portion  of  upper  web,  this  color  growing  wider  in  the 
shorter  secondaries,  the  five  next  to  the  body  being  white  on  the  surface 
when  wing  is  folded;  remainder  of  each  secondary,  black. 

Back:  Surface,  white,  occasional  black  ticking  not  a  serious  defect: 
cape,  white,  or  black  and  white;  under-color  white,  bluish- white  or  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which  are  edged  with  white: 
tail-coverts,  black  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Surface  and  under-color,  white;  under-color,  at  juncture 
with  body,  white  or  bluish-white. 

Body  \nd  Fluff:  Body,  white,  except  under  wings  where  it  may  be 
white  or  bluish- white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish- white.     Fluff,  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white;  under-color,  white,  or  bluish- white; 
shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 


86 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


COLUMBIAN   WYANDOTTE    MALE 


STAXDA1W  OF  PERFECTION 


87 


COLUMBIAN   WYANDOTTE    FEMALE 


JAVAS. 

This  breed  presents  the  extreme  length  of  body  found  in  the  Ameri- 
can class.  The  back  and  keel  are  long,  which  feature,  together  with  the 
breadth  of  back,  depth  of  body,  the  full,  well-rounded  breast  and  smooth 
posterior,  gives  the  breed  a  type  peculiarly  its  own.  The  neck  and  tail  of 
both  male  and  female  are  medium  in  length.  The  thighs  are  large  and 
well-meated.  Shanks  are  of  medium  size,  standing  well  apart.  The 
color  of  the  face,  comb  and  wattles  of  the  black  variety  is  described  as 
gipsy  (see  glossary).  The  comb  of  both  varieties  is  rather  high  at  rear, 
the  serrations  being  nearly  on  a  line.  The  color  of  plumage  of  the  black 
variety  is  a  rich,  lustrous  black,  with  greenish  sheen.  Purple  barring  is 
a  serious  defect.  The  color  of  plumage  of  the  mottled  variety  is  black 
and  white  throughout.  These  colors  should  be  sharply  divided,  each  dis- 
tinct in  itself,  the  black  predominating.  The  skin  of  both  varieties  is 
yellow. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 9%  lbs.  Hen 7$  lbs. 

Cockerel 8    lbs.  Pullet 6^  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Of  medium  length  and  breadth. 

Beak:  Stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  full. 

Comb:  Single,  rather  small,  straight  and  upright,  firm  on  head,  lower 
in  front;  evenly  serrated,  having  five  well-defined  points;  fine  in  texture; 
blade  free  from  serrations. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  length,  well  rounded 
at  ends,  smooth;  fine  in  texture.     Ear-lobes,  small,  oblong. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  arched;  hackle,  abundant. 

Wings:  Rather  large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  with  slight  decline  to  a  concave  sweep  near  tail; 
saddle  feathers,   abundant. 

Tail:  Rather  long,  moderately  full  and  expanded,  carried  at  an 
angle  of  forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles,  long  and  grace- 
fully curved;  main  tail  feathers,  long. 

Breast:  Long,  deep,  full. 

88 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  8!) 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep.  Fluff,  moderate  in 
quantity,  even  on  surface. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  strong,  well 
covered  with  close-fitting  feathers;  shanks,  of  medium  length,  stout  in 
hone.  Toes,  of  medium  length,  straight,  strong,  well  spread.  Shanks 
and  toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  size. 

Beak:  Strong,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size,  oval,  full. 

Comb:  Single,  small,  straight  and  upright,  lower  in  front;  evenly 
serrated,  having  five  well-defined  points;  fine  in  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  size,  well  rounded, 
smooth;  fine  in  texture.      Ear-lobes,  small. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  slightly  arched. 

Wings:  Rather  large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Long,  full  near  tail-coverts. 

Tail:  Rather  long,  full,  slightly  expanded. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  full. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep.  Fluff,  moderate  in 
quantity,  even  on  surface 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  strong,  well 
covered  with  close-fitting  feathers;  shanks,  of  medium  length,  stout  in 
bone.  Toes,  of  medium  length,  straight,  strong,  well  spread.  Shanks 
and  toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

BLACK   JAVAS. 

D  isq  ual  ificat  ions. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  foreign  color  in  any  part  of  plumage: 
skin,  or  u^ttoms  of  feet,  other  than  yellow.  (See  general  disqualifica- 
tions.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black. 

Eyes:  Black,  or  dark  brown. 
~^Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Red,  or  gipsy  color. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Shanks,  black,  or  nearly  black  with  a  tendency 
toward  willow;  black  preferred.  Toes,  same  color  as  shanks,  except 
under  parts  which  must  be  yellow;  bottoms  of  feet,  yellow. 

Plumage:  Rich,  lustrous  black  with  greenish  sheen,  free  from  purple 
barring. 


90  'AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BLACK   JAVA    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


91 


BLACK   JAVA    FEMALE 


92  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

MOTTLED  JAVAS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes;  red  or  brassy  color  in  any  part  of  plumage; 
skin,  or  bottoms  of  feet,  other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Horn,  or  horn  and  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Broken  leaden-b!ue  and  yellow. 

Plumage:  Mottled  black  and  white  throughout,  black  predominating. 


DOMINIQUES. 

Disqualification  s 

Permanent  white  in  ear-lobes;  any  feather  or  feathers,  or  portion  of  a 
feather,  of  any  color  foreign  to  the  breed,  excepting  solid  black  and  black 
and  white  feathers.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 7  lbs.  Hen 5  lbs. 

Cockerel 6  lbs.  Pullet 4  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  size,  carried  well  up. 

Beak:  Short,  stout,  regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  clear. 
~^Comb:  Rose,  not  so  large  as  to  overhang  the  eyes  or  beak;  firm  and 
straight  on  head,  square  in  front,  uniform  on  sides,  free  from  hollow  in 
center,  terminating  in  a  spike  at  rear,  the  point  of  which  turns  slightly 
upward;  top  covered  with  small  points. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  broad,  full,  pendent.  Ear- 
lobes,  oblong,  of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  arched,  tapering;  hackle,  abundant. 

Wings:  Rather  large,  well  folded;  wing-bows  and  points,  well  cov- 
ered by  breast  and  saddle  feathers. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  broad,  rising  with  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  full,  slightly  expanded;  sickles,  long,  well  curved. 

Breast:  Broad,  round  and  carried  well  up. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  93 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad,  full,  compact.  Fluff,  moderately 
full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  strong,  well 
covered  with  soft  feathers;  shanks,  fine  in  bone.  Toes,  of  medium  length, 
straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  and 
down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Small. 

Beak:  Short,  stout,  regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 
^Comb:  Rose,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  much  smaller. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  rather  small  and  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size,  oblong. 

Neck:  Short,  slightly  arched,  tapering. 

Wings:  Rather  large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  broad,  slightly  concave. 

Tail:  Full,  rather  long,  slightly  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Round,  full. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Bodv,  broad,  full,  compact.  Fluff,  moderately 
full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  strong,  well  cov- 
ered with  soft  feathers;  shanks,  fine  in  bone.  Toes,  of  medium  length, 
straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  and 
down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Yellow. 
-Plumage:  Slate,  feathers  in  all  sections  of  the  fowl,  crossed  through- 
out their  entire  length,  by  regular,  parallel,  sharply  defined,  dark  and  light 
bars  that  stop  short  of  positive  black  and  positive  white,  tip  of  each  feather 
dark,  free  from  shafting,  brownish  tinge,  or  metallic  sheen;  under-color, 
slate:  excellence  to  be  determined  by  distinct  contrasts,  and  evenness  and 
clearness  of  barring.  The  male  may  be  one  or  two  shades  lighter  than 
the  female. 


93a  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


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DOMINIQUE    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


93b 


DOMINIQUE    FEMALE 


RHODE   ISLAND  REDS. 

(Single  and  Rose  Comb.) 

The  Rhode  Island  Reds  are  an  American  production  now  generally 
regarded  at  poultry  exhibitions  as  being  a  new  breed,  though  they  have 
been  bred  in  large  numbers  for  practical  purposes  in  Rhode  Island  during 
many  years,  taking  their  name  from  that  State.  They  are  believed  to 
have  originated  from  crosses  of  the  Asiatics,  Mediterraneans  and  Games. 
Their  chief  characteristics  are:  red  color,  oblong  shape,  compact  form  and 
smooth  surface  plumage. 

D  isqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-half  positive  white;  one  or  more  entirely 
white  feathers  showing  in  the  outer  plumage;  shanks  and  feet  other  than 
vellow  or  reddish-horn.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 8£  lbs.  Hen 6£  lbs. 

Pullet 5    lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Medium  size,  carried  horizontally  and  slightly  forward. 

Beak:  Medium  length,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval,  prominent. 

Comb:  Single,  medium  in  size,  set  firmly  upon  head,  perfectly  straight 
and  upright,  with  five,  even  and  well-defined  points,  those  in  front  and 
rear  smaller  than  those  in  the  center;  of  considerable  breadth  where  it 
joins  to  the  head;  blade  smooth,  not  conforming  too  closely  to  shape  of 
head,  free  from  serrations. 

Comb:  Rose,  low,  firm  on  head;  top,  oval  in  shape,  and  surface  cov- 
ered with  small  points  terminating  in  a  small  spike  at  the  rear.  The  comb 
to  conform  to  the  general  curve  of  the  head. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  size,  equal  in  length, 
regularly  curved,  free  from  folds  and  wrinkles.  Ear-lobes,  oblong,  well 
defined,  smooth,  proportionate  in  size  to  other  head  adjuncts. 

Neck:  Medium  length;  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  over  the  shoulders, 
not  too  loosely  feathered. 

Wings:  Of  good  size,  well  folded,  carried  horizontally. 

94 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  9.> 

Back:  Broad,  long,  carried  horizontally,  with  slight  concave  sweep 
to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  of  medium  length,  abundant. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  well  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty 
degrees  from  the  horizontal,  thus  increasing  the  apparent  length  of  the 
fowl;  sickles,  of  medium  length,  extending  slightly  beyond  main  tail 
feathers;  lesser  sickles  and  tail-coverts,  of  medium  length,  large,  well 
covered  with  soft  feathers. 

Breast:  Deep,  full,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad,  deep,  long;  keel-bone,  long,  straight, 
extending  wrell  forward,  giving  body  an  oblong  appearance;  feathers 
carried  close  to  body.     Fluff,  moderately  full. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Shanks,  of  medium  length,  well  rounded,  smooth, 
set  well  apart.  Toes,  of  medium  length,  straight,  strong,  well  spread. 
Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Medium  size,  carried  horizontally  and  slightly  forward. 

Beak:  Medium  length,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Single,  medium  in  size,  set  firmly  upon  head,  perfectly  straight 
and  upright,  with  five,  even  and  well  defined  points,  those  in  front  and 
rear  smaller  than  those  in  center. 

Comb:  Rose,  low,  firm  on  head,  much  smaller  than  that  of  the  male, 
and,  in  proportion  to  its  length,  narrower;  covered  with  small  points  and 
terminating  in  a  small,  short  spike  at  the  rear. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  size,  equal  in  length, 
regularly  curved.  Ear-lobes,  oblong,  well  defined,  smooth,  proportionate 
in  size  to  other  head  adjuncts. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length;  hackle,  moderately  full. 

Wings:  Rather  large,  well  folded;  fronts,  well  covered  by  breast 
feathers;  flights,  carried  nearly  horizontal. 

Back:  Broad,  long,  carried  horizontally. 

Tail:  Rather  short,  moderately  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of  thirty- 
five  degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Deep,  full,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad,  deep,  long;  keel-bone,  long,  straight, 
extending  well  forward,  giving  body  an  oblong  appearance;  feathers  car- 
ried close  to  body.     Fluff,  moderately  full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  well  covered  with  soft 
feathers;  shanks,  of  medium  length,  well  rounded,  smooth.     Toes,  of  med 
ium  length,  straight,  strong,  well  spread.     Shanks  and  toes  free  from 
feathers,  stubs  and  down. 


96  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Reddish-horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Rich,  brilliant  red;  under-color,  red. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  brilliant  red;  primaries,  upper  web  red,  lower 
web  black  with  narrow  edging  of  red,  only  sufficient  to  prevent  the  black 
from  showing  on  surface  when  wings  are  folded  in  natural  position; 
primary-coverts,  black;  secondaries,  lower  web  red,  the  red  extending 
around  the  ends  of  the  feathers,  the  remainder  of  each  feather,  black;  the 
five  feathers  next  to  the  body  being  red  on  the  surface  so  that  the  wing, 
folded  in  natural  position,  shall  show  one  harmonious  red  color;  wing- 
coverts,  red. 

Back:  Rich,  brilliant  red;  under-color,  red. 

Tail:  Main  tail  and  sickle  feathers,  black  or  greenish-black;  tail 
coverts,  mainly  black,  but  may  become  red  as  they  approach  the  saddle. 

Breast:  Rich  red;  under-color,  red. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Rich  red;  under-color,  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow,  or  reddish-horn  color.  A  line  of 
red  pigment  down  sides  of  shanks  extending  to  tip  of  toes  is  desirable. 

Plumage:  General  surface,  rich,  brilliant  red  except  where  black  is 
specified,  free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  depth  of  red  color  is 
slightly  accentuated  on  wing-bows  and  back,  but  the  less  contrast  between 
these  sections  and  the  hackle  and  breast,  the  better.  A  harmonious  blend- 
ing of  all  sections  is  desired.  The  bird  should  be  so  brilliant  in  luster  as 
to  have  a  glossed  appearance.     The  under-color  should  be  red. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Reddish-horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Surface  color  red,  with  slight  ticking  at  end  of  feathers  on 
lower  hackle;  under-color,  red. 

Wings:  Wing-bows  red;  primaries,  upper  web  red,  lower  web  black 
with  narrow  edging  of  red,  only  sufficient  to  prevent  the  black  from  show- 
ing on  surface  when  wings  are  folded  in  natural  position;  primary  coverts, 
black;  secondaries,  lower  web  red,  the  red  extending  around  the  ends  of  the 
feathers;  the  remainder  of  each  feather,  black;  the  five  feathers  next  to 
the  body,  red  on  the  surface,  so  that  the  wing,  folded  in  natural  position, 
shall  show  one  harmonious  red  color;  wing-coverts,  red. 

Back:  Rich  red;  under-color,  red. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which  may  be  edged  with 
red. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  97 

Breast:  Rich  red;  under-color,  red. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Red;  under-color,  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow,  or  reddish-horn  color;  a  line  of  red 
pigment  down  sides  of  shanks,  extending  to  tip  of  toes  is  desirable. 

Plumage:  General  surface  color,  rich,  even  red,  except  where  black 
is  specified,  free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  under-color,  red. 


98 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


/*#*%#*  / 


RHODE    ISLAND    RED    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


99 


RHODE    ISLAND    RED    FEMALE 


BUCKEYES. 

D  isqualifications. 

Ear-lobes  more  than  one-fourth  enamel  white;  entirely  white  feathers. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 9  lbs.  Hen 6  lbs. 

Cockerel 8  lbs.  Pullet 5  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Of  medium  size,  carried  well  up. 

Beak:  Short,  stout,  regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size,  full,  bright,  with  bold  expression. 

Comb:  Pea,  medium,  firm,  set  closely  on  head. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  medium  size,  of  equal  length, 
moderately  rounded.     Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  arched,  tapering  nicely;  hackle, 
abundant,  flowing  well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded;  wing-bows  and  wing-points, 
well  covered  by  breast  and  saddle  feathers,  respectively. 

Back:  Broad  at  shoulders,  rather  long,  rising  with  slight  concave 
sweep  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length  and  size,  carried  moderately  upright: 
sickles  and  coverts,  of  medium  length,  nicely  curved,  sufficiently  abundant 
to  cover  well  the  stiff  feathers. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded,  carried  somewhat  elevated 
above  the  horizontal. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  long,  broad,  deep,  full,  heavy  for 
size  of  bird;  keel-bone,  long,  straight,  extending  well  forward.  Fluff, 
moderately  full. 

Legs  and  Toes  :  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  well  covered  with 
soft  feathers;  shanks,  of  medium  length,  stout,  smooth,  set  well  apart. 
Toes,  of  medium  length,  straight,  strong,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes 
free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 
Head  :  Of  medium  size,  carried  well  up. 
Beak:  Short,  stout,  regularly  curved. 

100 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  101 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size,  full,  bright. 

Comb:  Pea,  small,  set  closely  on  head. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  equal  length,  moderately 
rounded.     Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  curved;  hackle,  moderately  full. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded. 

Back:  Broad,  rather  long,  rising  very  slightly  to  tail. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  fairly  well  spread,  carried  moderately 
upright. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded,  carried  somewhat  elevated  above 
the  horizontal. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep,  full,  heavy  for  size  of 
bird;  keel-bone,  long,  straight,  extending  well  forward.  Fluff,  moderatelv 
full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length  and  size,  well  covered 
with  soft  feathers;  shanks,  of  medium  length,  stout,  smooth,  set  well  apart. 
Toes,  of  medium  length  and  size,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes 
free  from  feathers,  stubs  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Yellow,  shaded  with  reddish-horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear.- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Yellow,  red  back  of  scales  not  a  defect. 
^-Plumage:  General  surface,  mahogany  bay,  slightly  accentuated  on 
wing-bows;  under-color,  salmon,  or  slate  and  salmon.  The  unexposed 
flight  feathers  and  main  tail  feathers  may  contain  black:  sickles  and  cov- 
erts should  be  shaded  bay  and  black,  thus  avoiding  a  sharp  contrast  be- 
tween body  and  tail.     Shaft  of  feathers,  bay  entire  length. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Yellow. 
*  Plumage  :  General  surface,  mahogany  bay.     The  unexposed  flight 
feathers  and  main  tail  feathers  may  contain  black;  under-color,  salmon,  or 
slate  and  salmon. 


102  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


if.tfW  3ntp+~ 


BUCKEYE  MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


Hl.'i 


BUCKEYE    FEMALE 


Class  II. 

ASIATIC. 

Breeds  Varieties 

Brahmas j  Light 

{Dark 
|  Buff 

Cochins .- J  Partridge 

White 
Black 

Langshans J  Black 

1  White 


I 


SCALE  OF  POINTS  FOR  ASIATIC  CLASS. 

Symmetry 4 

Weight 6 

Condition 4 

Comb 8 

Head  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 (> 

Eyes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  —  Shape  2,  Color  3 5 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  5 9 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  6,  Color  5 11 

Tail  —  Shape  4,  Color  5 9 

Breast  —  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape5,  Color3 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  5,  Color  3 8 

~100 


104 


BRAHMAS. 

The  Brahma  male  should  have  that  strength  and  grace  of  carriage 
which  naturally  belongs  to  a  well-proportioned  fowl  of  its  size  and  finish. 
The  head,  when  well  furnished,  lends  style  and  character  to  the  bird's 
commanding  appearance.  The  body  should  be  large,  well  rounded  and 
free  from  any  tendency  to  excessive  fluff.  The  Standard  does  not  provide 
for  apparent  cushion  in  Brahmas,  either  male  or  female.  The  Brahma 
male  should  be  of  a  distinctive  type  quite  unlike  the  Cochin  in  form  and 
feather,  being  more  compactly  and  firmly  put  together.  The  solidity  of 
form  and  compactness  of  plumage  unite,  in  the  standard  Brahma  male, 
to  produce  a  finely-proportioned  fowl  of  large  size  and  active  nature. 
Comb,  color  and  markings  should  he  well  defined,  embodying  the  true 
Brahma  characteristics. 

The  Brahma  female  has  the  fine,  graceful  lines  that  properly  belong 
to  her  as  the  mate  of  the  stately  and  powerful  male  of  this  breed.  She 
lacks  rotundity  of  form  as  compared  with  the  full-feathered  Cochin,  her 
body  being  more  compact  and  closely  feathered.  The  proper  sweep  of 
back  from  saddle  to  tail  is  formed  largely  by  the  distinctively  Brahma 
spread  of  tail,  which  continues  and  finishes  the  back  line,  and  fills  out  the 
side  lines  to  proper  form,  within  the  true  contour  of  Brahma  shape. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  length,  broad;  crown  projecting  well  over  eyes. 

Beak:  Stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  deep  set. 
"  Comb:  Pea,  small,  firm  and  even  on  head,  lower  and  narrower  in 
front  and  at  rear  than  at  center;  each  row  evenly  serrated;  points  in  front 
and  at  rear  smaller  than  those  of  center. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lohes:  Wattles,  of  medium  size,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  large,  the  lower  edges  on  a  level  with,  or  slightly  below,  edges 
of  wattles. 

Neck:  Moderately  long,  well  arched:  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  over 
shoulders  and  meeting  under  throat,  dividing  at  lower  ends  of  wattles  and 
flowing  full  at  sides. 

Wings:  Small,  carried  rather  high,  with  lower  line  nearly  horizontal; 
sides,  well  rounded;  primaries,  closely  folded  under  secondaries. 

Back:  Broad,  rather  long,  flat  across  shoulders  earning  its  width 
well  back  to  tail,  rising  with  slightly  concave  incline  from  shoulders  to 

10.5 


106  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

middle  of  saddle,  where  it  takes  a  more  pronounced  concave  sweep  well 
up  on  tail;  saddle,  abundant,  flowing  full  over  sides,  filling  well  in  front 
of  tail  and  covering  wing-points. 

Tail:  Rather  large,  full,  well  spread,  carried  high  enough  to  continue 
concave  sweep  of  back,  filled  underneath  with  curling  feathers;  sickles, 
short,  spreading  laterally;  coverts,  plentiful,  but  not  so  long  as  to  cover 
the  entire  length  of  lower  main  tail  feathers. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  long,  deep,  well  rounded  at  sides. 
Fluff,  abundant,  smooth  in  surface,  giving  specimen  a  broad  but  compact 
appearance. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Legs,  straight,  set  well  apart;  thighs,  stout,  well 
covered  with  soft  feathers,  nicely  rounded,  free  from  vulture-like  feather- 
ing; shanks,  large,  stout  in  bone,  of  sufficient  length  to  properly  balance 
specimen,  well  covered  on  outer  sides  with  feathers.  Toes,  straight, 
stout;  outer  and  middle  toes,  well  feathered. 


SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  length,  broad;  crown  projecting  well  over  eyes. 

Beak:  Stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  deep  set. 

Comb:  Pea,  low,  firm  and  even  on  head;  well  serrated,  the  middle  row 
higher  and  more  distinctly  serrated  than  the  other  two. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small.     Ear-lobes,  large. 

Neck:  Of  moderate  length,  slightly  arched;  rather  full  under  throat, 
hens  having  dewlap  between  wattles. 

Wings:  Small,  carried  rather  high,  with  lower  line  nearly  horizontal; 
sides,  well  rounded;  fronts,  covered  by  breast  feathers;  primaries,  closely 
folded  under  secondaries. 

Back:  Broad,  rather  long,  flat  across  shoulders  with  moderate  incline 
to  tail,  carrying  the  width  well  back  to  tail. 

Tail:  Medium  length,  well  spread  at  base,  resembling  an  inverted 
"V"  with  wide  angle  when  viewed  from  rear,  carried  high  enough  to  con- 
tinue the  sweep  of  back;  tail-coverts,  two  rows,  covering  a  greater  part  of 
both  sides  of  main  tail. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  deep,  well  rounded  at  sides.  Fluff, 
abundant,  smooth  in  surface,  giving  specimen  a  broad  but  compact  appear- 
ance. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Legs,  straight,  set  well  apart;  thighs,  stout,  well 
covered  with  soft  feathers;  shanks,  of  medium  length,  stout  in  bone,  well 
feathered  on  outer  sides.  Toes,  straight,  stout;  outer  and  middle  toes, 
well  feathered. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  107 

LIGHT  BRAHMAS. 

Disqualifications. 

Solid  black  feathers  in  back;  positive  black  spots  prevalent  in  web 
of  feathers  of  back,  except  slight  dark  or  black  stripes  in  saddle  of  males 
near  tail,  or  in  cape  of  either  sex;  vulture-like  hocks;  shanks  any  color  other 
than  yellow  or  reddish-yellow;  cocks  not  weighing  nine  pounds;  hens  not 
weighing  seven  and  one-half  pounds;  cockerels  not  weighing  seven  and 
one  half  pounds;  pullets  not  weighing  six  pounds.  (See  general  disquali- 
fications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 12  lbs.  Hen 9|  lbs. 

Cockerel 10  lbs.  Pullet 8    lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  with  dark  stripe  down  upper  mandible. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  white;  hackle,  web  white  with 
solid,  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending  from  fluff  down  middle  of 
each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edge  of  feather  and  tapering  to  a 
point  near  its  extremity;  under-color,  Avhite,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Wings:  Bows,  white,  except  fronts,  which  may  be  partly  black; 
primaries,  black  with  white  edging  on  lower  edge  of  lower  web;  second- 
aries, lower  portion  of  lower  web  white,  sufficient  to  secure  a  white  wing- 
bay,  the  white  extending  around  ends  of  feathers  and  lacing  upper  portion 
of  upper  web,  this  color  growing  wider  in  the  shorter  secondaries,  the  five 
next  to  the  body  being  white  on  surface  when  wing  is  folded;  remainder 
of  each  secondary,  black. 

Back:  Surface  color,  white;  cape,  black  and  white;  saddle,  white; 
under-color,  either  white,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Tail:  Black;  the  curling  feathers  underneath,  white  or  black  and 
white;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black;  lesser  coverts,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Surface  and  under-color,  white;  under-color,  at  juncture 
with  body,  white,  bluish-white  or  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  except  under  wings,  where  it  may 
be  white,  bluish-white  or  slate;  under-color,  white  or  bluish-white.  Fluff, 
white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish-white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  surface  color,  white;  under-color,  white  or 
bluish- white;  shank  feathers,  white;  outer  toe  feathering,  white  and  black; 
if  black,  laced  with  white;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 


108  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


JJLGHT   .BliAHMA   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


109 


LIGHT    BRAHMA    FEMALE 


110  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Yellow,  with  dark  stripe  down  the  upper  mandible. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  beginning  at  juncture  of  head  with  neck,  web,  white, 
with  a  solid,  wide,  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending  down  middle 
of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edge  of  feather  and  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Bows,  white;  primaries,  black  with  white  edging  on  lower 
edge  of  lower  web;  secondaries,  lower  portion  of  lower  web  white,  suffi- 
cient to  secure  a  white  wing-bay,  the  white  extending  around  the  ends  and 
lacing  upper  portion  of  upper  web,  this  color  growing  wider  in  the  shorter 
secondaries,  the  five  next  to  the  body  being  white  on  surface  when  wing 
is  folded;  remainder  of  each  secondary,  black. 

Back:  White;  cape,  white  or  black  and  white;  under-color,  white  or 
bluish-white. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which  are  edged  with  white; 
tail-coverts,  black  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Surface  and  under-color,  white;  under-color,  at  juncture 
with  body,  white  or  bluish-white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  except  under  wings,  where  it  may 
be  white  or  bluish-white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish-white.  Fluff, 
white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white;  under-color,  white  or  bluish-white; 
shank  feathers,  white;  outer  toe  feathers,  white  and  black;  if  black,  laced 
with  white;  shanks  and  toes,  vellow. 


DARK  BRAHMAS. 

Disqualifications. 

Vulture-like  hocks;  cocks  not  weighing  nine  pounds;  hens  not  weigh- 
ing seven  pounds;  cockerels  not  weighing  seven  and  one- half  pounds; 
pullets  not  weighing  five  and  one-half  pounds.  (See  general  disquali- 
fications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 
Cock 11  lbs.             Hen 8^  lbs- 
Cockerel 9  lbs.             Pullet 7    lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  white. 

Beak:  Dark  horn  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  HI 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  silvery  white,  Avith  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe 
extending  down  middle  of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edge 
of  feather,  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  shafts  free  from  white; 
under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Bows,  silvery  white;  primaries,  black,  except  a  narrow  edging 
of  white  on  lower  edge  of  lower  web;  secondaries,  black,  except  lower  half 
of  lower  web  which  should  be  white  except  near  end  of  feather,  at  which 
point  the  white  terminates  abruptly,  leaving  end  of  feather  black;  wing- 
coverts,  glossy  greenish-black,  forming  a  well-defined  bar  of  this  color 
across  wing  when  folded. 

Back:  Silvery  white,  free  from  brown;  saddle,  silvery  white,  with  a 
black  stripe  in  each  feather,  same  as  hackle;  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black;  lesser 
coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  Black;  under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black;  under- color,  slate.  Fluff,  black, 
slightly  tinged  with  gray;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shank  feathers,  black  or  black  mixed 
with  v/hite,  black  preferred;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow.  Toe  feathers, 
black. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  W  attles  and  Ear- Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Silvery  white,  with  broad  black  stripe  running  nearly  parallel 
with  edges  of  and  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather,  tapering  to  a 
point  near  its  extremity  and  free  from  white  shaft;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  with  narrow  edge  of  gray  penciling  on 
lower  web;  secondaries,  upper  web  black,  lower  web  gray,  with  distinct 
dark  penciling  extending  around  outer  end  of  feathers;  shoulder  and  wing- 
coverts,  gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  conform  to 
shape  of  feathers;  under-color,  slate. 

Back:  Gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  conform 
to  shape  of  feather;  feathers  free  from  white  shafts;  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which  are  penciled  on  upper 
edge;  coverts,  gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  conform 
to  shape  of  feathers. 

Breast:  Gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling,  outlines  of  which  con- 
form to  shape  of  feather,  the  penciling  reaching  well  up  on  throat;  under- 
color, slate. 


112  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


DARK   BRAMHA    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


113 


DARK  BRAHMA   FEMALE 


114  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  gray,  with  distinct  dark  penciling  reaching 
well  down  on  thighs.  Fluff,  gray,  tinged  with  lighter  shade;  under-color, 
slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  gray,  with  distinct  penciling;  shanks  and 
toe  feathers,  same  shade  of  gray;  toe  feathers,  penciled.  Shanks  and  toes, 
yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 

Note:  Each  feather  in  back,  breast,  body  and  wing-bows  to  have 
two  or  more  distinct  pencilings. 


COCHINS. 

The  Cochin  male  should  be  a  very  deep-bodied,  massive,  vigorous 
bird,  possessing  a  dignified  carriage,  but  showing  a  tendency  to  lean  for- 
ward. The  keel  should  be  low  and  the  saddle,  or  cushion,  well  up.  The 
outline  of  every  section  should  be  well  rounded  and  free  from  flat  or  con- 
cave surfaces.  The  extraordinary  profusion  of  long,  loose  plumage,  and 
the  great  abundance  of  downy  fibre  in  the  under  fluff,  produce  a  large, 
bulky  appearance,  conveying  the  idea  of  even  greater  weight  than  exists 
in  reality.     Hard  or  close-fitting  plumage  is  a  very  serious  defect. 

The  Cochin  female  should  correspond,  in  a  feminine  way,  with  the 
male,  but  shoud  be  shorter  and  rounder,  possessing  a  more  plump  appear- 
ance. The  back  of  the  Cochin  female  seems  shorter  than  it  really  is, 
owing  to  the  difference  in  the  character  of  the  neck  and  cushion  plumage. 
The  cushion  is  more  pronounced  than  in  the  male,  being  very  large  and 
full,  rising  from  the  base  of  the  hackle,  or  from  the  cape,  and  very  nearly 
covering  the  tail.  The  abdomen  is  more  fully  developed  than  that  of  the 
male  Cochin.  Head,  comb,  wattles  and  ear-lobes  are  much  smaller  than 
in  the  male,  and  are  of  the  finest  texture. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 11  lbs.  Hen 9£  lbs. 

Cockerel 9  lbs.  Pullet 1    lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Rather  short,  broad,  deep,  prominent  over  eyes;  juncture  with 
neck,  well  defined. 

Beak:  Short,  stout  at  base,  curving  to  point. 

Eyes:  Medium,  large,  mild  in  expression. 
*  Comb:  Single,  of  medium  size,  set  firmly  on  head:  stout  at  base,  up- 
right, straight  from  front  to  rear,  low  in  front,  carefully  rounded  toward 
rear;  serrations,  moderately  deep,  dividing  comb  into  five  regular  points, 
the  middle  one  the  highest ;  free  from  wrinkles  or  side  sprigs;  fine  in  texture. 

Face  :  Of  fine  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  rather  long,  well  rounded  at 
lower  edges,  thin  and  fine  in  texture.  Ear-lobes,  well  defined,  hanging 
about  two-thirds  as  low  as  wattles:  smooth. 

Neck:  Short,  full,  well  proportioned,  beautifully  arched  from  rear 

115 


116  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

of  head  to  back;  hackle,  very  long  and  abundant,  flowing  well  over  shoul- 
ders and  cape. 

Wings:  Carried  well  up,  small  and  completely  folded*  fronts,  em- 
bedded in  plumage  of  breast;  tips,  nicely  tucked  under  saddle  plumage; 
wing-bows,  smooth  and  exceedingly  well  rounded;  loose  or  hanging  flights 
very  objectionable. 

Back:  Apparently  short,  very  broad,  well  rounded. 

Shoulders:  Very  broad;  flat  across  under  hackle. 

Saddle  or  Cushion:  Rising  from  back  at  base  of  hackle  or  cape, 
very  broad  and  round;  plumage  very  profuse  and  long;  saddle  feathers, 
flowing  over  tips  of  wings  and  mingling  with  fluff  and  under-plumage  of 
tail. 

Tail:  Main  tail,  short,  well  spread  at  base,  filled  underneath  with 
profusion  of  soft  feathers  and  enveloped  by  coverts  and  lesser  sickles, 
showing  as  little  stiff  feathers  as  possible;  saddle  and  tail  to  have  soft, 
round,  bulky  appearance. 

Breast:  Carried  forward,  very  full,  well  rounded,  of  great  breadth 
and  depth. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  moderately  long,  broad,  deep,  well  rounded 
from  point  of  breast  to  abdomen;  abdomen,  well  let  down  between  the 
legs,  broad  and  well  rounded  from  breast  bone  to  tail,  depending  more  for 
fullness  on  length  of  feathers  than  on  muscular  development.  Fluff,  full, 
soft,  abundant. 

Legs:  Very  strong,  large,  straight,  set  well  apart.  Thighs,  of 
moderate  length;  the  more  long,  soft,  outstanding  plumage,  extending 
well  down  the  shanks  and  covering  knee  or  hock  joints,  the  better,  having 
the  appearance  of  two  great  globes  of  feathers  concealing  the  legs  from 
view.  Hocks,  covered  with  flexible  feathers,  curving  inward  about  the 
joints;  free  from  vulture-like  feathering.  Shanks,  short,  stout  in  bone; 
plumage,  long,  beginning  just  below  hocks  and  covering  front  and  outer 
sides  of  shanks,  from  which  it  should  be  outstanding,  the  upper  part 
growing  out  from  under  thigh  plumage  and  continuing  into  foot  feathering. 
There  should  be  no  marked  break  in  the  outlines  between  the  plumage 
of  these  sections;  they  should  merge  naturally  into  each  other  and  blend 
together. 

Toes:  Straight,  stout,  well  spread;  middle  and  outer  toes,  completely 
feathered  to  ends. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Neat  looking,  fairly  full  in  skull;  fashioned  after  that  of  male, 
except  finer  in  form. 

Beak:  Short,  stout  at  base,  curving  to  point. 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size,  mild  in  expression. 

Comb:  Single,  small,  straight  and  upright,  nicely  rounded  to  conform 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  117 

to  shape  of  head;  divided  into  five  points;  free  from  side  sprigs  and  other 
imperfections;  fine  in  texture. 

Face  :  Of  fine  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  nicely  rounded;  fine  in 
texture.     Ear-lobes,  oblong,  fairly  well  defined;  fine  in  texture. 

Neck:  Short,  nicely  arched;  hackle,  very  full,  flowing  well  over 
shoulders  and  cape. 

Wings:  Small,  completely  folded;  fronts,  embedded  in  plumage  ot 
breast;  tips,  concealed  between  cushion  and  thigh  plumage;  wing- bows, 
smooth  and  exceedingly  well  rounded;  loose  or  hanging  flights  very  ob- 
jectionable. 

Back:  Apparently  short,  very  broad,  well  rounded. 

Shoulders:  Broad;  flat  across  under  hackle. 

Cushion:  Rising  very  full  from  back  at  base  of  hackle  or  cape,  very 
large  and  round;  plumage,  profuse,  flowing  over  tips  of  wings,  well  into 
thigh  fluff  and  almost  covering  tail  feathers. 

Tail:  Short,  broad  at  base,  carried  rather  low;  well  filled  underneath 
with  profusion  of  soft  feathers  and  nearly  enveloped  by  tail-coverts,  which 
help  to  form  the  cushion. 

Breast:  Carried  low  in  front,  full,  well  rounded,  of  great  breadth 
and  depth. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  of  medium  length,  broad,  deep,  full  and 
well  rounded  from  point  of  breast  to  abdomen;  abdomen,  well  let  down 
between  legs,  full  and  round  from  breast  bone  to  tail,  with  great  length 
and  fullness  of  feather.     Fluff,  full,  soft,  profuse. 

Legs:  Moderately  large,  straight,  strong,  set  well  apart;  thighs,  of 
medium  length,  with  great  profusion  of  long,  soft,  outstanding  fluff  plum- 
age, completely  hiding  hocks  or  knee-joints,  and  covering  shanks  almost 
to  feet;  hocks  should  be  covered  with  a  profusion  of  soft,  flexible  feathers, 
curving  inward  about  knee-joints:  free  from  vulture-like  feathers.  Shanks, 
short,  stout  in  bone,  covered  profusely  with  long  plumage. 

Toes:  Straight,  well  spread;  middle  and  outer  toes  completely 
feathered  to  ends. 


118  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BUFF  COCHINS. 

Disqualifications. 

Vulture-like  hocks;  plucked  hocks;  shanks  other  than  yellow  in  color; 
bare  middle  toes;  cocks  not  weighing  nine  pounds;  hens  not  weighing  seven 
pounds;  cockerels  not  weighing  seven  pounds;  pullets  not  weighing  five 
pounds.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Rich  yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout,  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  the  head,  neck,  hackle,  back, 
wing- bows  and  saddle  richly  glossed;  under-color,  a  lighter  shade,  free 
from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or  more  sections  is  a 
serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections  is  most 
desirable. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak  :  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Rich  yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  the  head  and  neck  plumage  show- 
ing luster  of  the  same  shade  as  the  rest  of  the  plumage;  under-color,  a 
lighter  shade,  free  from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or 
more  sections  is  a  serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all 
sections  is  most  desirable. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  119 

PARTRIDGE  COCHINS. 

D  isqualifications. 

Positive  white  extending  into  web  of  tail  feathers  of  cockerel;  vulture- 
like hocks;  plucked  hocks,  shanks  other  than  yellow  or  dusky  yellow, 
bare  middle  toes.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  bright  red. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Bright  red,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  running 
nearly  parallel  with  edges  and  extending  through  each  feather,  tapering 
to  a  point  near  its  extremity;  under-color,  slate. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  dark  red;  fronts,  black;  primaries,  black,  lower 
edges  of  web  reddish-bay;  secondaries,  black,  outside  web  reddish-bay 
terminating  with  greenish-black  at  end  of  each  feather;  coverts,  lustrous 
greenish-black,  forming  well-defined  bar  of  this  color  across  wing  when 
folded. 

"~  Back:  Dark  red;  saddle,  bright  red,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black 
stripe  down  the  middle  of  each  feather,  same  as  in  hackle;  under-color, 
slate. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  edged  with 
bright  red. 

*■  Breast:  Lustrous  black;  under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black.     Fluff,  black;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  under-color,  slate.  Shank  plumage, 
black  or  brownish-black.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow.  Toe 
plumage,  black  or  brownish-black. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  mahogany  brown. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  into  yellow  at  point. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Bright  red  with  a  lustrous  black  stripe  extending  down  the 
middle  of  each  feather,  running  nearly  parallel  with  edge  of  feather  and 
tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black;  pri- 
maries, black,  with  edging  of  mahogany  brown  on  outer  web:  secondaries, 
inner  web  black,  outer  web  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black,  pen- 
ciling conforming  to  shape  of  feather. 


120  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BUFF    COCHIN    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


121 


BUFF   COCHIN   FEMALE 


122 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


PARTRIDGE    COCHIN   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


123 


PARTRIDGE    COCHIN    FEMALE 


124  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Ba.ck  :  Mahogany  brown,  distinctly  penciled  with  black,  the  out- 
lines of  penciling  conforming  to  shape  of  feather;  under-color,  slate. 

Tail:  Black,  the  two  top  feathers  black  penciled  with  mahogany 
brown  on  upper  edge;  coverts,  mahogany  brown  penciled  with  black. 

Breast:  Mahogany  brown,  distinctly  penciled  with  black,  the  pen- 
ciling being  of  same  character  as  that  of  back  and  extending  to  throat; 
under-color,  slate. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  mahogany  brown,  penciled  with  black. 
Fluff,  mahogany  brown;  under-color,  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thigh,  shank  and  toe  plumage,  mahogany  brown 
penciled  with  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  125 

WHITE  COCHINS. 

Disqualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage:  \ulture-like  hocks; 
plucked  hoeks;  shanks  other  than  yellow;  bare  middle  toes.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections  pure  white. 


BLACK  COCHINS. 

Disqualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  black  in  any  part  of  plumage,  except  in  foot  or 
toe-feathering  of  standard  size  specimens,  and  in  under-color  of  neck  of 
bantam  males;  vulture-like  hocks:  plucked  hocks;  shanks  other  than  black 
or  yellow,  or  black  gradually  shading  into  yellow:  bare  middle  toes;  bot- 
toms of  feet  other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black,  shaded  with  yellow. 

Eyes:  Black  or  dark  brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Black  or  yellow;  black  gradually  shading  into 
yellow  preferred.      Bottoms  of  feet,  yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish  black  throughout,  under  color, 
black. 


LANGSHANS. 

The  general  characteristics  of  Langshans  are:  Great  proportionate 
depth  of  keel,  with  round  contour  of  breast;  fineness  of  bone  for  size  of 
fowl;  smooth  white  skin  and  pinkish- white  flesh.  The  male  develops 
great  length  of  tail  feathers,  the  sickles  not  uncommonly  attaining  a  length 
of  sixteen  or  seventeen  inches.  Its  large,  well-spread  tail,  carried  erect, 
with  abundant,  close-lying  saddle  feathers,  full-hackled  neck  and  upright 
carriage,  gives  the  effect  of  a  short  back.  The  surface  of  plumage  through- 
out is  close  and  smooth,  being  very  brilliant  with  greenish  reflections  in  the 
black,  and  silvery  white  in  the  white  variety. 

The  body,  in  both  sexes  of  both  varieties,  should  be  evenly  balanced 
on  firm,  straight  legs  with  very  little  backward  bend  at  the  knee-joints. 
The  legs  are  sinewy,  the  toes  long  and  slender,  free  from  coarseness,  and 
the  middle  toes  should  be  devoid  of  feathers.  Height  of  the  Langshan 
should  be  gained  by  depth  of  body  and  erectness  of  carriage,  not  from 
what  may  well  be  described  as  stiltiness  of  legs.  Close-standing  knee- 
joints,  narrowness  of  body  and  the  presence  of  foreign  color  are  highly 
objectionable. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 9£lbs.  Hen 7*  lbs. 

Cockerel 8    lbs.  Pullet 6j  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Of  good  size,  rather  broad. 

Beak:  Stout  at  base,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Moderately  large,  round. 

Comb  :  Single,  rather  large,  straight,  upright ;  evenly  serrated,  having 
five  points,  blade  free  from  serrations;  not  conforming  closely  to  neck;  fine 
in  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  moderate  length,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  oblong,  well  developed. 

Neck:  Of  good  length,  well  arched;  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  well 
over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded,  carried  close  to  body. 

Back:  Short,  broad,  flat  at  shoulders,  rising  from  middle  of  back  in 
a  decidedly  sharp  concave  sweep  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  abundant,  flow- 
ing well  over  sides. 

126 


STAXDARD  OF  PERFECTION  127 

Tail:  Large,  full,  well  spread  at  base,  carried  at  an  angle  of  seventy 
degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles,  long,  extending  decidedly  beyond  the 
tail;  coverts,  long — -the  longer  the  better. 

Breast:  Broad,  round,  deep. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad  and  deep  in  front  of  thighs.  Fluff, 
fairly  developed,  but  not  so  abundant  as  to  hide  profile  of  hocks. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  strong,  well  covered  with  soft  feathers; 
shanks,  rather  long,  stout  in  bone,  straight,  set  well  apart,  feathered  down 
the  outer  sides.  Toes,  long,  straight,  slender;  outer  toes,  feathered  to  the 
end;  middle  toes,  free  from  feathers. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Smaller  and  narrower  than  that  of  male. 

Beak:  Stout  at  base,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Moderately  large,  round. 

Comb:  Single,  smaller  than  that  of  male,  straight  and  upright: 
evenly  serrated,  having  five  points;  fine  in  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  fairly  developed,  well  rounded; 
fine  in  texture.     Ear-lobes,  fairly  developed,  oblong;  fine  in  texture. 

Neck:  Of  good  length,  with  full  hackle. 

Wivgs:  Of  good  size,  well  folded,  carried  close  to  body. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  broad,  flat  at  shoulders,  rising  from  middle 
of  back  in  a  sharp  concave  sweep  ending  well  up  on  tail. 

Tail:  Well  spread  at  base,  carried  at  an  angle  of  sixty-five  degrees 
from  the  horizontal;  carried  well  above  and  beyond  the  cushion  and  fur- 
nished with  long  coverts. 

Breast:  Broad,  round,  deep. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  short,  broad,  deep,  well  balanced.  Fluff, 
well  developed. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  strong,  well  covered  with  soft  feathers; 
shanks,  of  good  length,  small-boned,  set  well  apart,  feathered  down  outer 
sides.  Toes,  long,  straight,  slender;  outer  toes,  feathered  to  ends;  middle 
toes,  free  from  feathers. 


128 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BLACK    LANGSHAN    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


129 


BLACK    LANGSHAN    FEMALE 


130  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BLACK  LANGSHANS. 

Disqualifications. 

Comb  other  than  single;  one-half  inch  or  more  of  white  in  any  part  of 
the  plumage,  except  in  foot  or  toe-feathering;  yellow  skin;  bottoms  of  feet 
yellow  in  any  part.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  shading  to  pinkish  tint  near  lower  edge. 
Eyes:  Black  or  dark  brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Skin  on  Body:  Pinkish- white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Bluish-black,  showing  pink  between  scales.  Web 
and  bottoms  of  feet,  pinkish-white. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black;  under-color,  black. 

WHITE  LANGSHANS. 

Disqualifications. 

Comb  other  than  single;  feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of 
plumage;  yellow  skin;  bottoms  of  feet  yellow  in  any  part.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Light  slate- blue,  shading  to  pinkish- white. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Slaty-blue,  showing  pink  between  scales. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections  pure  white. 


Class  III. 


MEDITERRANEAN. 


Breeds 


Leghorns 


Minorcas  . 


Spanish 

Blue  Andalusians 
Anconas 


Varieties 
Single-Comb  Brown 
Rose-Comb  Brown 
Single-Comb  White 
Rose-Comb  White 
Single-Comb  Buff 
Rose- Comb  Buff 
Single-Comb  Black 
I,  Silver 

[ Single-Comb  Black 
i  Rose-Comb  Black 
t  Single-Comb  White 
White-Faced  Black 


SCALE  OF  POINTS. 


Symmetry 4 

Size 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 10 

Head  —  Shape  2,  Color  i 6 

Eyes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Beak  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  — -  Shape  4,  Color  (> 10 

Neck  — -  Shape  3,  Color  4 7 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  5,  Color  4 9 

Tail  —  Shape  6,  Color  4 10 

Breast  —  Shape  5,  Color  4 9 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape3,  Color  2 5 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Too 


131 


LEGHORNS. 

The  Leghorn  breed  of  fowls  originated  in  Italy.  It  comprises  a 
group  characterized  by  rather  small  sizes,  yellow  legs,  white  ear-lobes  and 
great  activity  and  sprightliness.  All  varieties  of  Leghorns  are  hardy  and 
prolific.  The  males  are  very  alert  and  strikingly  erect  in  carriage;  the 
females  are  non-sitters,  few  of  them  showing  a  tendency  to  broodiness, 
being  especially  valuable,  therefore,  as  egg  producers.  The  most  typical 
and  useful  specimens  are  those  approaching  nearest  to  standard  require- 
ments in  size  and  shape.  Leghorns,  being  essentially  a  breed  of  com- 
paratively small  size,  of  great  alertness  and  of  graceful  curves,  should  be 
bred  strictly  on  these  lines. 

The  eight  varieties  of  Leghorns — the  Single-Comb  Brown,  Rose- 
Comb  Brown,  Single-Comb  White,  Rose-Comb  White,  Single-Comb  Buff, 
Rose-Comb  Buff,  Single-Comb  Black  and  Single-Comb  Silver — are  iden- 
tical, except  in  color.  The  Single-Comb  and  Rose-Comb  varieties  are 
identical  both  in  shape  and  color,  combs  excepted.  Decidedly  short 
backs,  short  shanks  and  low-set  bodies  are  objectionable  in  the  Leghorns. 
The  wide  range  of  plumage  in  the  seven  varieties  of  this  breed  enables  all 
admirers  of  the  Leghorn  to  indulge  their  fancy.  Each  variety  has  its 
points  of  beauty  in  plumage,  some  of  which  are  exceedingly  difficult  to 
produce,  thus  presenting  interesting  problems  for  fanciers  to  master. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Moderate  in  length,  fairly  deep. 

Beak:  Not  too  long,  nicely  curved. 

Eyes:  Medium  size  and  nearly  round. 

Comb,  Single:  Medium  size,  straight  and  upright,  firm  and  even  on 
head,  having  five  distinct  points,  deeply  serrated  and  extending  well  over 
back  of  the  head  with  no  tendency  to  follow  shape  of  neck;  smooth,  free 
from  twists,  folds  and  excrescences. 

Comb,  Rose:  Square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on  head,  tapering 
evenly  from  front  to  rear  and  terminating  in  a  well -developed  spike  which 
extends  horizontally  well  back  of  head;  flat  and  covered  with  small, 
rounded  points. 

Face:  Smooth,  fine  in  texture,  round. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  long,  thin,  well  rounded;  smooth 
in  texture;  free  from  folds  or  wrinkles.  Ear-lobes,  a  broadened  almond- 
shape,  smooth,  of  moderate  size,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

132 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  133 

Neck:  Long,  nicely  arched;  hackle  abundant,  flowing  well  over  the 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  somewhat  rounded  at  shoulders,  slightly 
sloping  downward  from  shoulders  to  center  of  back,  then  rising  in  a  grad- 
ually increasing  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

Tail:  Large,  Avell  spread:  main  tail  feathers  carried  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles,  long,  well  curved;  coverts, 
abundant. 

Breast:  Well  rounded:  carried  well  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  of  moderate  length  and  fairly  deep;  straight 
from  front  to  rear.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs  and  shanks,  moderately  long  and  slender. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Moderate  in  length  and  fairly  deep,  well  rounded. 

Beak:  .Not  too  long,  nicely  curved. 

Eyes:  Medium  in  size  and  nearly  round. 

Comb,  Single:  Medium  in  size,  deeply  serrated,  having  five  distinct 
points,  the  front  portion  of  comb  and  first  point  to  stand  erect  and  the 
remainder  of  comb  drooping  gradually  to  one  side;  fine  in  texture,  free 
from  folds  or  wrinkles.     .. 

Comb,  Rose:  Small,  square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on  head,  taper- 
ing evenly  from  front  to  rear  and  terminating  in  a  well  developed  spike, 
which  extends  horizontally  back  of  head;  flat  and  covered  with  very  small, 
rounded  points. 

Face:  Smooth,  fine  in  texture,  nearly  round. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  moderate  size,  thin,  well 
rounded.  Ear-lobes,  oval  in  shape,  smooth,  thin,  free  from  folds  or 
wrinkles,  fitting  closely  to  the  head. 

Neck:  Long,  slender  and  gracefully  arched. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  somewhat  rounded,  with  a  slight  slope 
downward  from  shoulders  to  center  of  back,  and  then  rising  in  a  concave 
incline  to  the  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  full,  well  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees 
from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Well  rounded,  carried  well  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  moderately  long,  fairly  deep,  straight  from 
front  to  rear.     Fluff,  rather  short,  more  developed  than  in  male. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs  and  shanks  moderately  long,  slender. 
Toes  straight. 


134  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

WHITE  LEGHORNS. 

(Single  and  Rose  Comb.) 

Disqualifications. 

Red  covering  more  than  one-half  the  surface  of  ear-lobes  in  cockerels 
and  pullets;  feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks 
other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Yellow. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 
Comb,  Face  and  Wattles  :  Bright  red. 
Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow,  red  showing  on  outside  back  of 
scales,  not  a  defect  in  males. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections  pure  white. 

BROWN  LEGHORNS. 

(Single  and  Rose  Comb.) 

Disqualifications . 

Red  covering  more  than  one-half  of  surface  of  ear-lobes  in  cock- 
erels and  pullets;  white  in  any  part  of  plumage,  except  in  under-color  of 
hackle  and  saddle  of  both  sexes,  any  age,  also  except  one  inch  or  less  at 
base  of  sickles  and  one-half  inch  or  less  at  base  of  primaries  of  cock  birds 
(white  showing  in  the  foregoing  excepted  sections  is  to  be  cut  one  and  one- 
half  points  in  each  section  where  found);  shanks  other  than  yellow. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  dark  red. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White  or  creamy  white. 

Neck:  Rich,  brilliant  red,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe 
running  nearlv  parallel  with  edges  of  and  extending  through  each  feather 
and  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Bows,  rich,  brilliant  red;  wing-fronts,  black:  primaries, 
black,  lower  web  edged  with  brown;  secondaries,  black,  edge  of  lower 
web  a  rich  brown  of  sufficient  width  to  secure  a  wing-bay  of  same  color; 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  135 

coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  forming  a  well-defined  wing-bar  when 
wing  is  folded. 

Back  and  Saddle:  Back,  rich,  brilliant  red;  saddle  feathers,  rich, 
brilliant  red  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  running  through  the 
middle  of  each  feather,  same  as  in  hackle. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black. 

Breast:  Lustrous  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks,  yellow.  Toes,  yellow  or 
dusky  yellow. 

Under-Color:  Dark  slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  golden  yellow,  tinged  with  dark  brown. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White  or  creamy-white. 

Neck:  Golden  yellow,  with  broad,  black  stripe  extending  down 
middle  of  each  feather  and  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Bows,  same  color  as  described  for  back;  primaries,  slaty- 
brown,  the  outer  web  slightly  edged  with  brown;  secondaries,  brown,  the 
outer  web  finely  stippled  with  lighter  brown;  coverts,  same  color  as  de- 
scribed for  back. 

Back:  Web  of  feathers,  on  surface,  light  brown,  finely  stippled  with 
a  darker  brown,  the  lighter  shade  predominating.  More  importance  is 
attached  to  fineness,  sharp  definition  of  stippling,  evenness  of  color  and 
freedom  from  shafting  than  to  the  particular  shade  of  color,  but  it  is  im- 
portant that  the  effect  produced  be  that  of  a  soft,  even  brown  that  is  not 
suggestive  of  gray,  as  one  extreme  to  be  avoided  —  or  of  red,  as  the  other; 
the  parts  of  the  feathers  not  exposed,  to  be  brown  shading  into  slate  in 
fluff. 

Tail:  Dull  black,  except  the  two  highest  main  tail  feathers  which 
are  stippled  with  lighter  brown;  coverts,  same  as  for  back. 

Breast:  Rich  salmon,  shading  off  lighter  under  the  body;  free  from 
shafting. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  light  brown  stippled  a  darker  brown,  free 
from  shafting.     Fluff,  slate,  plentifully  tinged  with  brown. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  slate,  plentifully  tinged  with  brown;  shanks, 
yellow.     Toes,  yellow  or  dusky  yellow. 


136  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SINGLE-COMB    BROWN   LEGHORN   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


137 


SINGLE-COMB    BROWN    LEGHORN    FEMALE 


138  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SINGLE-COMB    WHITE    LEGHORN    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


1S9 


SINGLE-COMB    WHITE    LEGHORN    FEMALE 


140  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


ROSE-COMB   WHITE    LEGHORN   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


141 


ROSE-COMB    WHITE    LEGHORN    FEMALE 


142  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BUFF  LEGHORNS. 

(Single  and  Rose  Comb.) 

Disqualifications. 

Red  covering  more  than  one-half  the  surface  of  ear-lobes  in  cockerels 
and  pullets;  shanks  other  than  yellow.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White  or  creamy  white. 

Legs  and  Toes  :  Rich  yellow,  red  showing  at  outside,  back  of  scales, 
not  a  defect. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff,  free 
from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  the  head,  neck,  hackle,  back,  wing- 
bow  and  saddle  richly  glossed;  under-color,  a  lighter  shade,  free  from 
foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or  more  sections  is  a  serious 
defect.     A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections  is  most  desirable. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Rich  yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White  or  creamy  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Rich  yellow. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff, 
free  from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  the  head  and  neck  plumage  show- 
ing a  luster  of  the  same  shade  as  the  rest  of  the  plumage;  under-color, 
lighter  shade,  free  from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two 
or  more  sections  is  a  serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all 
sections  is  most  desirable. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  143 

BLACK  LEGHORNS. 

D  isq  ualifications. 

Red  covering  more  than  one-half  the  surface  of  ear-lobes  in  cockerels 
and  pullets;  feathers  other  than  black  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks  other 
than  yellow  or  yellowish-black.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  yellowish- black. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Yellow,  or  yellowish-black. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish- black;  under-color,  black. 


144 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


%> 


ji 


SINGLE-COMB    BUFF    LEGHORN    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


14.5 


SINGLE-COMB    BUFF    LEGHORN    FEMALE 


146  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SILVER  LEGHORNS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  covering  more  than  one-half  the  surface  of  ear-lobes  in  cockerels 
and  pullets;  red  in  any  part  of  the  plumage;  shanks  other  than  yellow. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  white. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  rich,  glossy  black;  hackle,  silvery 
white  with  narrow  black  stripe  extending  down  middle  of  each  lower 
hackle  feather,  terminating  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  black;  wing-fronts,  black;  wing-bows,  silvery 
white;  wing-coverts,  black,  forming  a  distinct  bar  across  the  wing;  pri- 
maries, black,  except  the  lower  feathers,  the  outer  edges  of  which  should 
be  silvery  white;  secondaries,  part  of  outer  web  of  feathers  in  wing-bay, 
white,  remainder  of  feathers  black. 

Back:  Silvery  white. 

Cape:  Black. 

Saddle  Feathers:  Silvery  white. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles,  lustrous  black;  upper  coverts,  lustrous  black; 
lower  coverts,  silvery  white. 

Breast:  Black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks,  yellow.     Toes,  yellow. 

Under-Color:  Gray. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles  :  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  light  salmon;  hackle,  silvery  gray, 
with  narrow  black  stripe  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather,  terminat- 
ing near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Bows,  light  gray,  free  from  dark  marks  or  bars;  primaries 
and  secondaries,  upper  web,  gray,  lower  web,  slaty-gray;  coverts,  light 
gray,  free  from  dark  marks  or  red. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  147 

Back:  Light  gray,  free  from  dark  marks  or  bars. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  upper  feathers,  which  are  light  gray: 
coverts,  gray. 

Breast:  Light  salmon,  shading  to  gray  toward  sides. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  light  ashy-gray,  free  from  dark  marks  or 
bars.     Fluff,  light  ashy-gray. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  light  gray;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 

Under-Color:  Gray. 


MINORCAS. 

Minorcas  are  the  largest  of  the  Mediterranean  class.  Formerly  they 
were  called  Red-Faced  Black  Spanish.  They  are  distinguished  by  long 
bodies,  very  large  combs,  long,  full  wattles,  large,  white  ear-lobes,  dark- 
colored  legs  and  pinkish-white  or  flesh-colored  skin.  The  Minorca  head 
is  carried  rather  high;  the  back  is  long  and  sloping;  the  tail  is  spread  some- 
what and  only  moderately  elevated,  being  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty 
degrees  from  the  horizontal.  Their  legs  are  firm,  muscular  and  set 
squarely  under  the  long,  powerful-looking  bodies.  At  the  shoulders  the 
back  has  the  appearance  of  being  rather  flat.  The  lines  of  breast  and 
body  are  well  rounded,  and  the  general  bearing  of  the  birds,  male  and 
female,  is  graceful,  and  commanding  for  their  size.  The  Minorca  plum- 
age is  compact,  smooth  on  surface,  fitting  closely  to  the  body  in  all  sections. 
The  beetle-green,  brilliant  black  surface  color  of  the  Black  variety  should 
be  free  from  purple,  and  the  plumage  of  the  White  variety  should  be  free 
from  foreign  color. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Single  Comb  Black. 

Cock 9    lbs.  Hen 7$  lbs. 

Cockerel 7j  lbs.  Pullet 6j  lbs. 

Single  Comb  White  and  Rose  Comb  Black. 

Cock 8    lbs.  Hen 6j  lbs. 

Cockerel 6j  lbs.  Pullet &\  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Moderately  long,  wide,  deep. 

Beak:  Of  good  length,  stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb,  Single:  Moderately  large,  straight  and  upright,  firm  and  even 
on  head;  smooth;  deeply  and  evenly  serrated,  having  six  regular  and  dis- 
tinct points,  the  middle  points  the  longest  and  same  in  length  as  width  of 
blade;  front  not  to  extend  beyond  point  half  way  between  nostrils  and 
point  of  beak,  but  extending  well  over  back  of  head,  with  a  tendency  to 
follow  shape  of  neck. 

Comb,  Rose:  Moderately  large,  square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on 
head,  tapering  evenly  from  front  to  rear,  terminating  in  a  well-developed 
spike  which  extends  well  back  of  head  and  inclines  slightly  below  the 
horizontal;  top,  flat,  and  covered  with  small,  rounded  points. 

148 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  149 

Face:  Full  and  smooth. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Wattles,  long,  large,  thin,  free  from  folds 
and  wrinkles,  smooth  and  fine  in  texture.  Ear-lobes,  large,  almond- 
shaped,  smooth,  thin,  free  from  folds  and  wrinkles,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  arched;  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  well  over 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Long,  flat  at  shoulders,  broad  and  rounded  at  sides,  sloping 
decidedly  downward  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  long. 

Tail:  Large  and  full,  main  tail  feathers  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty 
degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles,  large,  long,  well  curved;  coverts, 
abundant. 

Breast:  Deep,  well  rounded  and  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep,  straight  from  front  to 
rear.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  stout;  shanks  long, 
straight  and  strong,  set  well  apart.     Toes,  straight. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Moderately  long,  wide,  deep. 

Beak:  Of  good  length,  stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb,  Single:  Moderately  large,  forming  one  loop  over  beak,  then 
drooping  down  opposite  side  of  head;  deeply  and  evenly  serrated,  with  six 
regular  and  distinct  points. 

Comb,  Rose:  Moderately  large,  square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on 
head,  tapering  evenly  from  front  to  rear,  terminating  in  a  well-developed 
spike,  which  extends  back  of  head  and  inclines  slightly  below  the  hori- 
zontal; top,  flat,  and  covered  with  small,  rounded  points. 

Face:  Full  and  smooth. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  long,  large,  thin,  free  from 
folds  and  wrinkles,  smooth,  and  fine  in  texture.  Ear-lobes,  large,  almond- 
shaped,  smooth,  thin,  free  from  folds  and  wrinkles,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  slightly  arched. 

Wixgs:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Long,  flat  at  shoulders,  broad,  and  rounded  at  sides;  sloping 
decidedly  downward  to  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  full,  and  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees  from  the 
horizontal. 

Breast:  Deep,  well  rounded,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep,  straight  from  front  to 
rear.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  stout;  shanks,  long, 
straight  and  strong,  set  well  apart.     Toes,  straight. 


150 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SINGLE-COMB    BLACK   MINORCA    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


151 


SINGLE-COMB    BLACK    MINORCA    FEMALE 


152  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BLACK  MINORCAS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  one-third  or  more  of  surface;  red  in  any 
part  of  the  plumage;  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage  extending  more 
than  one-half  an  inch,  or  two  or  more  feathers  tipped  or  edged  with  positive 
white;  shanks  other  than  dark  slate  or  nearly  black,  except  the  natural 
fading  from  age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Black. 
Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 
Ear-Lobes:  White. 
Legs  and  Toes  :  Black  or  dark  slate. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout.  Under- 
color, black  or  dark  slate. 

WHITE  MINORCAS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes,  covering  one-third  or  more  of  the  surface;  feathers 
other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than  white  or 
pinkish-white.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Pinkish- white. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Pinkish- white. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


WHITE-FACED  BLACK  SPANISH. 

The  White-Faced  Black  Spanish  probably  represent  the  oldest 
pure-bred  fowl  in  the  Mediterranean  class.  The  development  of  the 
long,  pendulous  white  face,  free  from  wrinkles,  has  been  the  aim  of  fanciers 
of  this  valuable  and  attractive  breed.  In  general  appearance  the  Black 
Spanish  are  graceful  and  stylish.  They  lay  an  extra  large,  handsome, 
white-shelled  egg.  The  rich,  glossy,  black  plumage,  the  rather  large,  five- 
pointed  comb  and  the  long,  pendulous  white  face  give  this  early  claimant 
to  popular  favor  a  distinct  individuality  among  standard-bred  fowl. 

Disq  tialificat  ions. 
Decided  red  in  the  face,  except  directly  above  the  eyes:  face  so  puffy 
as  to  obstruct  the  sight;  foreign  color  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks 
other  than  blue  or  dark  leaden-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from  age. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 8    lbs.  Hen 6h  lbs. 

Cockerel 6j  lbs.  Pullet oh  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Long,  broad,  deep. 

Beak:  Rather  long,  stout. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Single,  of  medium  size,  straight  and  upright,  firm  and  even 
on  head,  rising  from  the  base  of  beak  and  extending  in  an  arched  form 
beyond  back  of  head;  deeply  and  evenly  serrated,  having  five  points;  very 
fine  in  texture. 

Face:  Long,  deep,  smooth,  free  from  wrinkles,  rising  well  over  eyes 
in  an  arched  form  and  not  obstructing  sight,  extending  toward  back  of 
head  and  to  base  of  beak,  covering  the  cheeks  and  joining  the  wattles  and 
ear-lobes;  the  greater  the  extent  of  surface  the  better. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  smooth,  very  long,  thin,  ribbon- 
like. Ear-lobes,  very  large,  free  from  folds  and  wrinkles,  meeting  in  front, 
extending  well  backward  on  each  side  of  neck,  hanging  very  low  and 
regularly  rounded  on  lower  edges:  very  smooth. 

Neck:  Long,  well  arched;  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  well  over 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back;  Long,  broad  and  straight,  sloping  downward  to  saddle, 
which  rises  in  a  short  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

153 


154 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


WHITE-FACED    BLACK   SPANISH    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


155 


WHITE-FACED    BLACK    SPANISH    FEMALE 


156  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Tail:  Large  and  full;  main  tail  feathers  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty- 
five  degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles,  large,  long  and  well  curved; 
coverts,    abundant. 

Breast:  Deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  moderately  wide,  straight  from  front 
to  rear.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  moderate  size,  long;  shanks,  long.  Toes, 
straight. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Long,  broad,  deep. 

Beak:  Rather  long,  stout. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Single,  moderately  large,  deeply  serrated,  having  five  points, 
drooping  to  one  side;  very  fine  in  texture. 

Face:  Long,  deep,  smooth,  free  from  wrinkles,  rising  well  over  eyes 
in  arched  form  and  not  obstructing  sight,  extending  toward  back  of  head 
and  to  base  of  beak,  covering  the  cheeks  and  joining  wattles  and  ear- 
lobes;  the  greater  the  extent  of  surface  the  better. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  smooth,  very  long,  thin,  ribbon- 
like. Ear-lobes,  very  large,  free  from  folds  and  wrinkles,  meeting  in  front, 
extending  well  backward  on  each  side  of  neck,  hanging  very  low  and 
regularly  rounded  on  lower  edges,  very  smooth. 

Neck:  Long,  well  arched. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Long,  broad  and  straight,  sloping  downward  to  middle  of 
back,  which  rises  in  a  short  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

Tail:  Large,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  from  the  hori- 
zontal; the  two  top  main  tail-feathers  slightly  curved,  especially  in  pullets. 

Breast:  Deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  moderately  wide,  straight  from  front 
to  rear.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  moderately  long;  shanks,  long.  Toes, 
straight. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Comb  :  Bright  red. 

Face:  Pure  white. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  males,  bright  red,  except  inside 
of  upper  part,  which  is  white;  females,  bright  red.     Ear-lobes,  pure  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Dark  leaden-blue,  or  black. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black,  throughout;  under- 
color, dark  slate. 


BLUE  ANDALUSIANS. 

The  Andalusian  has  the  distinction,  unique  among  domestic  fowl, 
of  wearing  the  national  colors  —  red,  white  and  blue  —  its  face  and  eves 
being  red,  its  ear-lobes  white  and  its  plumage  blue.  The  origin  of  this 
breed  is  not  clearly  established,  but  it  seems  to  have  been  well  known  in 
Great  Britain  as  early  as  the  eighteenth  century,  though  its  introduction 
into  the  United  States  and  Canada  is  of  more  recent  date.  Judging  by 
its  name,  it  probably  came  from  Andalusia,  a  province  in  southern  Spain. 
Whether  the  White  and  Black  Minoreas  are  off-shoots  from  the  Anda- 
lusians,  or  whether  the  Andalusians  originated  from  a  blending  of  White 
and  Black  Minoreas,  coming  originally  from  Spain,  is  a  mooted  question, 
but  it  is  noticeable  that  anatomically  the  Andalusians  and  Minoreas  are 
quite  similar. 

The  typical  Andalusian  of  the  Standard  must  be  pre-eminently  a 
symmetrical,  graceful,  compact  fowl,  of  medium  size,  without  coarseness 
of  structure  or  clumsiness  of  carriage.  The  dark  lacing  of  the  plumage 
should  stand  out  clearly  and  sharply.  It  should  not  merge  into,  nor  blend 
with  the  ground-color  of  the  feather.  The  desired  contrast  is  pronounced 
and  well  defined.  If  the  ground-color  is  quite  dark,  the  contrast  cannot 
be  as  sharp  as  when  the  ground-color  of  the  feather  is  of  the  "clear,  even, 
medium  "  shade  required  by  the  Standard.  Andalusians  that  approach 
closely  to  Standard  requirements  are  peculiarly  attractive,  in  fact  are 
beautiful  examples  of  the  art  of  poultry  culture. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  one-half  or  more  of  the  surface;  red  or  posi- 
tive white  in  color  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue,  except 
the  natural  fading  from  age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 6    lbs.  Hen 5    lbs. 

Cockerel 5    lbs.  Pullet 4    lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Moderately  long  and  deep. 
Beak  :  Moderate  length. 
Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

157 


158  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Comb,  Single:  Rather  large,  straight  and  upright,  firm  and  even  on 
head;  evenly  serrated,  having  five  points. 

Face:  Full  and  smooth. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  long,  thin,  smooth.  Ear-lobes, 
almond  shape. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  arched,  with  hackle  flowing  well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  sloping  downward  to  saddle  which  rises 
with  a  short,  concave  sweep  to  tail ;  saddle  feathers,  long. 

Tail:  Large,  full;  main  tail  feathers  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five 
degrees  from  the  horizontal.  Sickles,  large,  even,  well  curved;  coverts, 
abundant. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep  and  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  deep,  well  rounded,  straight  from  front  to 
rear.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  moderate  size,  long;  shanks,  long. 
Toes,  straight. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Moderately  long,  deep. 

Beak:  Moderate  length. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb,  Single:  Rather  large,  rising  slightly  in  front,  drooping  to  one 
side;  evenly  serrated,  having  five  distinct  points. 

Face:  Full,  smooth. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  moderately  long,  thin,  well 
rounded.     Ear-lobes,  almond-shaped. 

Neck:  Long,  arched. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  descending  toward  tail;  saddle  rising 
with  slight  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees  from  the  hori- 
zontal, fairly  well  spread. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep  and  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  deep,  well  rounded,  straight  from  front  to 
rear.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  slender,  rather  long;  shanks,  long,  slender. 
Toes,  straight. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  dark  slaty-blue. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  159 

Neck:  Lustrous  bluish-black. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  lustrous  bluish-black;  primaries,  a  clear,  even, 
medium  shade  of  slaty-blue;  secondaries,  inner  web  a  clear,  even  shade 
of  slaty-blue,  outer  web  slaty-blue,  each  feather  having  a  well-defined 
lacing  of  a  darker  shade;  wing-coverts,  a  clear,  even,  medium  shade  of 
slaty-blue,  having  a  well-defined  lacing  of  a  darker  shade. 

Back:  Lustrous  bluish-black. 

Tail:  Sickles,  lustrous  bluish-black;  tail-coverts,  lustrous  bluish- 
black;  main  tail  feathers,  a  clear,  even  slaty-blue,  with  a  well-defined  lacing 
of  bluish-black. 

Breast:  A  clear,  even,  medium  shade  of  slaty-blue,  each  feather 
having  a  well-defined  lacing  of  a  darker  shade. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  a  clear,  even,  medium  shade  of  slaty-blue, 
each  feather  having  a  well  defined  lacing  of  a  darker  shade.  Fluff,  slaty- 
blue. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  a  clear,  even  shade  of  slaty-blue;  shanks 
and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  slaty-blue. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Slaty- blue,  laced  with  a  darker  shade. 

Wings:  Primaries,  a  clear,  even,  medium  shade  of  slaty-blue;  re- 
mainder of  the  wing  an  even  shade  of  slaty-blue,  darker  than  that  of  pri- 
maries; feathers  in  all  sections,  except  primaries,  laced  with  a  darker  shade. 

Back:  Slaty-blue,  each  feather  having  a  well-defined  lacing  of  a 
darker  shade. 

Tail:  Slaty-blue,  laced  with  a  darker  shade. 

Breast:  Slaty-blue,  each  feather  having  a  well-defined  lacing  of  a 
darker  shade. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  slaty-blue,  each  feather  having  a  well- 
defined  lacing  of  a  darker  shade.     Fluff,  slaty-blue. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  slaty-blue;  shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 


ANCONAS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  more  than  one- half  of  surface;  red  in  any 
part  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than  yellow  or  yellow  mottled  with  black. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Moderate  in  length,  fairly  deep. 

Beak:  Not  too  long,  nicely  curved. 

Eyes:  Medium  size  and  nearly  round. 

Comb:  Single,  medium  size,  straight  and  upright,  firm  and  even  on 
head;  having  five  distinct  points,  deeply  serrated  and  extending  well  over 
back  of  head  with  no  tendency  to  follow  shape  of  neck;  smooth,  free  from 
twists,  folds  and  excrescences. 

Face:  Smooth,  fine  in  texture,  nearly  round. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  long,  thin,  well  rounded,  smooth 
in  texture,  free  from  folds  or  wrinkles.  Ear-lobes,  a  broadened  almond- 
shape,  of  moderate  size,  smooth,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Long,  nicely  arched;  hackle,  abundant,  flowing  well  over 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  somewhat  rounded  at  shoulders,  slightly 
sloping  downward  from  shoulders  to  center  of  back,  then  rising  in  a  grad- 
ually increasing  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

Tail:  Large,  well  spread;  main  tail  feathers  carried  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles,  long,  well  curved;  coverts, 
abundant. 

Breast:  Well  rounded,  carried  well  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  of  moderate  length,  fairly  deep,  straight 
from  front  to  rear.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs  and  shanks  moderately  long  and  slender. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Moderate  in  length,  fairly  deep. 
Beak:  Not  too  long,  nicely  curved. 
Eyes:  Medium  in  size  and  nearly  round. 

160 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  101 

Comb:  Single,  medium  in  size,  deeply  serrated,  having  five  distinct 
points,  the  front  portion  of  comb  and  first  point  to  stand  erect,  the  re- 
mainder of  comb  drooping  gradually  to  one  side;  fine  in  texture,  free  from 
folds  or  wrinkles. 

Face:  Smooth,  fine  in  texture,  well  rounded. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  moderate  size,  thin,  well 
rounded.  Ear-lobes,  oval  in  shape,  smooth,  thin,  free  from  folds  or 
wrinkles,  fitting  closely  to  the  head. 

Neck:  Long,  slender  and  gracefully  arched. 

Wings:  Large  and  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  somewhat  rounded,  with  a  slight  slope 
downward  from  shoulders  to  center  of  back,  and  then  rising  in  a  concave 
incline  to  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  full,  and  well  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees 
from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Well  rounded,  carried  well  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  moderately  long,  fairly  deep,  straight  from 
front  to  rear.     Fluff,  rather  short,  more  developed  than  in  male. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs  and  shanks,  moderately  long,  slender. 
Toes,  straight. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  black. 

Beak:  Yellow,  upper  mandible  shaded  with  black. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 
*Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Lustrous  greenish- black;  about  one  feather  in  five  tipped 
with  white. 

Wings:  Bows,  lustrous  greenish-black,  one  feather  in  five  tipped 
with  white;  primaries,  black,  edged  with  white;  secondaries,  black,  ending 
with  a  white  tip;  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  many  ending  in  a  white 
spangle. 

—'♦Back:  Lustrous    greenish-black;    saddle,    lustrous    greenish-black, 
about  one  feather  in  five  tipped  with  white. 

Tail:  Main  tail  feathers  black,  many  tipped  with  white;  sickles  and 
coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black,  ending  with  white  tips. 

Breast:  Lustrous  black,  about  one  feather  in  five  tipped  with  a 
white  spangle. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  lustrous  black,  about  one  feather  in  five 
tipped  with  a  white  spangle.     Fluff,  black,  slightly  tinged  with  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black  somewhat  tipped  with  white;  under- 
color, black  or  slate.  Shanks  and  toes,  yellow  or  yellow  mottled  with 
black. 


162  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  black. 

Beak:  Yellow,  upper  mandible  shaded  with  black. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Lustrous  black,  about  one  feather  in  five  tipped  with  white. 

Wings:  Bows,  lustrous  black,  one  feather  in  five  ending  in  a  white 
spangle;  primaries,  black  edged  with  white;  secondaries,  black,  ending 
with  white  tips;  coverts,  lustrous  black,  about  one  feather  in  five  ending 
with  a  white  spangle. 

-  Back:  Lustrous  black,  about  one  feather  in  five  ending  with  a  white 
spangle. 

Tail:  Black,  many  feathers  ending  with  a  white  tip;  coverts,  black, 
about  one  feather  in  five  ending  in  a  white  spangle. 

-Breast:  Lustrous  black,  about  one  feather  in  five  ending  with  a 
white  spangle. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black,  about  one  feather  in  five  ending  in  a 
white  spangle.     Fluff,  black,  slightly  tinged  with  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black,  somewhat  tipped  with  white. 
Shanks  and  toes,  yellow  or  yellow  mottled  with  black. 


Class  IV. 

ENGLISH. 

Breeds  Varieties 

[  White 
Dorkings I  Silver-Gray 

[  Colored 
Redcaps , Rose-Comb 

f  Single-Comb  Buff 
Orpingtons \  Single-Comb  Black 

(  Single-Comb  White 

SCALE  OF  POINTS  FOR  THE  ENGLISH  CLASS. 

Symmetry 4 

Weight 6 

Condition. 4 

Comb 8 

Head  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Beak  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Eyes  — -  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  —  Shape  2,  Color  3 5 

Neck  — ■  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

Tail  —  Shape  5,  Color  4 9 

Breast  —  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

BodyandFluff  — Shape5,  Color3 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  5,  Color  3 8 

100 


Ifif? 


DORKINGS. 

The  Dorkings  are  among  the  oldest  breeds  of  domestic  fowl  in  ex- 
istence. The  male  is  large,  with  a  broad,  low-set  body  that  is  rectangular 
in  shape,  as  viewed  from  the  side,  possessing  a  long,  deep  keel  and  short 
legs,  which  give  the  bird  a  solid  and  compact  appearance.  The  female 
closely  resembles  the  male,  except  in  feathering,  though  not  as  large  in 
size  and  being  a  trifle  shorter  in  legs,  with  a  lower-set  keel.  The  skin  and 
flesh  of  the  Dorkings  are  white.  They  differ  from  most  other  breeds  in 
having  five  toes.     (See  Fig.  35.) 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Rather  large. 

Beak:  Of  medium  length,  stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Prominent. 

Comb:  Silver-Gray  and  Colored  Dorkings,  single,  rather  large, 
straight  and  upright;  evenly  serrated,  having  six  well-defined  points,  the 
front  and  rear  points  shorter  than  the  other  four.  White  Dorkings,  rose, 
square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on  head,  terminating  in  a  well-defined  spike; 
top,  comparatively  flat  and  covered  with  small,  rounded  points. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  rather  large,  well  rounded  at 
lower  end.  Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size,  about  one-half  the  length  of 
wattles. 

Neck:  Rather  short,  arched;  hackle,  full  and  abundant,  flowing  well 
over  shoulders,  making  it  appear  very  broad,  tapering  to  head. 

Wings  :  Large,  well  folded  against  body,  not  drooping. 

Back:  Broad,  long,  straight,  declining  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  abun- 
dant. 

Tail:  Large,  full,  somewhat  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty 
degrees  from  the  horizontal;  sickles  and  coverts,  abundant,  well  curved. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  full,  well  rounded,  carried  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep,  keel  long.  Fluff,  smooth 
in  surface,  moderately  developed. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  large,  short,  well  meated,  set  well  apart: 
shanks,  short,  stout,  round  in  bone.  Toes,  five  upon  each  foot,  front  and 
fifth  toes  moderately  long  and  smooth;  fifth  toe  well  separated  from  the 
fourth  and  directly  above  it,  rising  on  a  slight  incline  from  base  to  point. 
Shanks  below  hock,  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

164 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  165 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  size. 

Beak:  Of  medium  length,  stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Prominent. 

Comb:  Silver-Gray  and  Colored  Dorkings,  single,  similar  to  that 
of  male,  but  much  smaller,  and  falling  over  to  one  side.  White  Dorkings, 
rose,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  much  smaller. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  uniform,  rather  broad,  well 
rounded.     Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Rather  short,  arched;  hackle,  full  and  abundant,  flowing  over 
shoulders,  tapering  to  head. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded  against  body. 

Back:  Broad,  long,   straight,  declining  slightly  to  tail. 

Tail:  Well  developed:  main  feathers  broad,  close  together,  carried 
at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded,  carried  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  broad,  deep,  with  long,  low-set  keel. 
Fluff,  smooth  in  surface,  moderately  developed. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  large,  short,  well  meated;  shanks,  short, 
stout,  round  in  bone.  Toes,  five  upon  each  foot,  front  and  fifth  toes, 
moderately  long  and  smooth,  fifth  toe,  well  separated  from  fourth  and 
directly  over  it  and  rising  on  a  slight  incline  from  base  to  point.  Shanks 
below  hock,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

WHITE   DORKINGS. 

D  isqu  alifica  t  ion  s. 

Feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than 
white  or  flesh  color;  absence  of  fifth  toe.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 7h  lbs.  Hen 6  lbs. 

Cockerel 6h  lbs.  Pullet 5  lbs 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  White. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Red. 
Legs  and  Toes:  White. 
Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


166  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SILVER-GRAY  DORKINGS. 

Disqualifications. 

Shanks  other  than  white  or  flesh  color;  absence  of  fifth  toe.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 8  lbs.  Hen 6^  lbs. 

Cockerel 7  lbs.  Pullet 5j  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  white. 

Beak:  White,  streaked  with  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  silvery  white;  a  narrow  gray  stripe  extending  down 
middle  of  each  feather  of  lower  hackle  is  allowable. 

Wings:  Bows,  silvery  white;  primaries,  quills  black,  black  on  upper 
web,  white  on  lower  web;  secondaries,  quills  black,  black  on  upper  web, 
white  on  lower  web,  with  a  black  spot  at  end  of  each  feather;  coverts, 
lustrous  greenish-black,  forming  a  wide  bar  across  wing. 

Back  and  Saddle:  Silvery  white. 

Cape:  Black. 

Tail:  Sickles,  greenish-black;  a  little  white  at  base  of  main  tail  in 
cock  is  allowable;  coverts,  rich,  lustrous  black,  the  lesser  coverts  having 
an  edging  of  white. 

Breast  :  Lustrous  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks  and  toes,  white. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  white. 

Beak:  White,  streaked  with  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck  :  Hackle,  silvery  white,  with  a  fine,  black  stripe  extending  down 
middle  of  each  feather,  tapering  to  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Bows,  silvery  white,  finely  stippled  with  ashy-gray;  pri- 
maries, upper  web  dark  slate,  lower  web  slaty-gray;  secondaries,  upper  web 
dark  slate,  lower  web  slaty-gray;  coverts,  silvery  white  stippled  with  ashy- 
gray. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  167 

■  Back:  Gray,  formed  of  silvery  white  finely  stippled  with  ashy-gray. 

Tail:  Black,  penciled  with  gray  on  outside  and  dark  slate  on  inside. 
'  Breast:  Salmon-red,  shading  off  to  ashy-gray  at  sides. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  silvery  or  slaty-gray,  free  from  dark  marks 
across  feathers;  under  part  of  body,  gray.     Fluff,  gray. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  ashy-gray;  shanks  and  toes,  white. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

COLORED  DORKINGS. 

Disqualifications-. 

Shanks  other  than  white  or  flesh  color;  absence  of  fifth  toe.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock !)  lbs.  Hen 7  lbs. 

Cockerel 8  lbs.  Pullet 6  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  very  light  gray. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Light  straw  color  with  a  wide,  black  stripe  extending  down 
middle  of  each  feather. 

Wings:  Bows,  light  straw;  primaries,  black  or  dark  slate;  second- 
aries, upper  web  black,  lower  web  white;  coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black, 
forming  a  wide  bar  across  wing. 

Back:  Cape,  black  and  white;  saddle  feathers,  light  straw  color, 
with  a  wide,  black  stripe  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles,  greenish-black;  coverts,  lustrous  black. 

Breast:  Lustrous  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Black. 
-  Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks  and  toes,  white. 

Under-Color:  Dark  slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  black  or  nearly  black. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 


168  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER-GRAY    DORKING    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


169 


SILVER-GRAY    DORKING    FEMALE 


170  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Neck  :  Black,  with  a  narrow  edging  of  gray  on  front  feathers,  the  gray 
extending  to  sides. 

Wings:  Bows,  dark  gray  laced  with  black;  primaries,  dark  brown; 
secondaries,  upper  web,  black,  lower  web,  dark  gray;  coverts,  dark  gray 
laced  with  black;  shafts  of  feathers,  brown. 

Back:  Very  dark  gray  marked  with  black;  shafts  of  feathers,  light 
bay. 

Tail:  Dark  brown  penciled  with  gray  on  outside  and  black  on  inside. 

Breast:  Dark  salmon  edged  with  black;  shafts  of  feathers,  light  bay. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  dark  brown  or  black,  slightly  mixed  with 
gray.     Fluff,  dull  black  or  dark  gray. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  dark  gray  and  brown.  Shanks  and  toes, 
white. 

Under-Color  :  Dark  slate. 


REDCAPS. 

This  is  an  old  variety,  well  known  to  fanciers,  having  many  practical 
and  useful  qualities.  The  male  should  be  of  good  size,  with  large,  rose 
comb,  well-flowing  hackle,  a  straight  back  of  medium  length,  large,  well- 
expanded  tail  and  the  full,  well-rounded  breast  characteristic  of  this 
variety.  The  female  should  be  of  good  size,  with  even,  well-balanced, 
rose  comb,  round,  well-formed  breast,  long,  well-shaped  back  and  deep, 
long  body.  The  tail  should  be  of  good  size  and  well  expanded,  giving  the 
bird  a  well-balanced  appearance. 

D disqualifications . 

Solid  white  ear-lobes;  comb  other  than  rose;  foreign-colored  feathers 
indicating  impurity,  except  white  in  primaries;  mottled  breast  in  male; 
shanks  other  than  slate  or  leaden-blue  in  color,  except  the  natural  fading 
from  age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD   WEIGHTS. 

Cock 1\  lbs.  Hen 6  lbs. 

Cockerel 6    lbs.  Pullet 5  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 
Head:  Short,  deep. 

Beak:  Of  medium  size,  stout  at  base,  well  curved. 
Eyes:  Full. 
**  Comb:  Rose,  large,  not  overhanging  eyes,  square  in  front,  free  from 
hollow  in  center,  top  covered  with  small  points,  uniform  on  each  side,  firm 
and  even  on  head  without  inclining  to  one  side,  terminating  at  rear  in  a 
well-developed  and  straight  spike. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  with  full  hackle  flowing  well  over  shoulders. 
Wings:  Large,  well  folded  against  body. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  sloping  straight  to  tail;  saddle  feathers, 
long  and  sweeping. 

\     Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  fifty  degrees  from 
the  horizontal;  sickles,  long,  well  curved;  coverts,  abundant. 
Breast:  Broad,  deep,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  rounded,  broadest  in  front  and  taper- 
ing to  rear.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

171 


172  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  well  developed;  shanks, 
rather  long.  Toes,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes, 
free  from  feathers  and  down, 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Short,  deep. 

Beak:  Of  medium  size,  stout  at  base,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Full. 

Comb:  Similar  to  that  of  male,  but  smaller. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  size,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  with  full  hackle. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded  against  body. 

Back:  Long,  straight,  sloping  slightly  to  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  full,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five 
degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Broad,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  rounded,  deep.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  well  developed;  shanks, 
of  medium  length.  Toes,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  below  hocks, 
and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  rich,  dark  red. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Blue-black,  each  feather  edged  with  red,  the  entire  hackle 
shading  off  to  black  at  base. 

Wings:  Bows,  deep,  mahogany- red;  primaries,  dull  black;  second- 
aries, upper  web  black,  lower  web  black  with  a  broad  edging  of  brown, 
each  feather  ending  with  a  bluish-black  spangle,  shaped  like  a  half  moon; 
coverts,  rich,  deep  brown,  each  feather  ending  with  a  black  spangle, 
shaped  like  a  half  moon,  forming  double  black  bars  across  wings. 

Back:  Rich  red  and  black;  saddle  feathers,  rich,  dark  red,  with  a 
bluish-black  stripe  extending  down  middle  of  each  feather. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts  greenish-black. 

Breast:  Lustrous  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks  and  toes,  slate  or  leaden- 
blue. 

Under-Color:  Dark  leaden-blue. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  173 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  brown. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Black,  each  feather  laced  with  golden  bay. 

Wings:  Bows,  rich  brown,  each  feather  ending  with  a  bluish-black 
spangle,  shaped  like  a  half  moon;  primaries,  dull  black,  with  a  narrow 
edging  of  brown  on  lower  web;  secondaries,  black,  lower  web  with  a  broad 
edging  of  brown,  each  feather  ending  with  a  bluish-black  spangle,  shaped 
like  a  half  moon;  coverts,  similar  to  bows. 

Back:  Rich  brown,  each  feather  ending  with  a  bluish-black  spangle, 
shaped  like  a  half  moon. 

Tail:  Black;  coverts,  brown,  each  feather  ending  with  a  bluish-black 
spangle,  shaped  like  a  half  moon. 

Breast:  Rich  brown,  each  feather  ending  with  a  bluish-black 
spangle,  shaped  like  a  half  moon. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  similar  to  that  of  breast,  but  shading  off 
lighter  on  under  parts.     Fluff,  black  powdered  with  brown. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  light  brown.  Shanks  and  toes,  slate  or 
leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Dark  leaden-blue. 


ORPINGTONS. 

The  Orpingtons  are  of  English  origin  and,  from  their  first  introduction 
in  their  native  land,  have  been  one  of  the  most  popular  breeds  of  fowls. 
Their  large  size,  early  maturity  and  winter  egg  production  soon  gained  for 
them  a  reputation  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  until  today,  they  are  the  most 
popular  breed  ever  originated  on  English  soil. 

The  originator  introduced  them  in  several  colors,  but  the  Buffs, 
Blacks  and  Whites  were,  from  the  first,  the  most  popular.  In  these  three 
varieties  we  have  nothing  to  select  from  except  our  choice  of  color,  as  all 
are  alike  so  far  as  size  and  shape  govern.  They  are  large  and  stately  in 
appearance  with  rather  long,  round,  deep  bodies,  full  breasts  and  broad 
backs;  the  abundance  of  hackle  and  saddle  feathers  on  the  male  giving  the 
appearance  of  a  rather  short  back. 

The  legs  are  rather  short  and  stand  well  apart.  Shanks  large  and 
nearly  round.  The  skin  of  the  three  varieties  is  white.  The  shanks  of 
the  Buffs  and  Whites  are  white,  or  pinkish-white.  The  Orpingtons  have 
the  distinction  of  being  the  only  breed  recognized  where  all  varieties  have 
solid  color,  and  no  one  variety  can  claim  any  distinction  over  the  other,  as 
all  are  alike  popular. 

The  fanciers  of  the  varieties  are  striving  to  maintain  the  color  and 
shape,  and  to  hold  the  Buffs  with  rich,  golden  buff  surface  color  that  har- 
monizes in  all  sections,  with  under-color  free  from  white  or  black.  The 
Blacks,  with  their  lustrous  black  surface,  free  from  purple  bars.  The 
Whites,  with  pure  white  plumage  in  all  sections,  free  from  brassiness. 

STANDARD   WEIGHTS. 

Cock 10  lbs.  Hen 8  lbs. 

Cockerel 8$  lbs.  Pullet 7  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Rather  long,  broad,  deep. 

Beak:  Short,  stout,  regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Single,  rather  large,  set  firmly  on  head,  perfectly  straight  and 
upright;  five  well-defined  points,  those  at  front  and  rear  smaller  than 
middle  ones;  fine  in  texture;  blades  free  from  serrations. 

174 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  175 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles  of  medium  size,  well  rounded 
at  lower  edges.     Ear-lobes,  medium  size,  oblong,  smooth. 

Neck:  Rather  short,  well  arched,  with  abundant  hackle. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded;  wing-fronts,  well  covered  by 
breast  feathers;  wing-points,  well  covered  by  saddle  feathers. 

Back:  Broad,  medium,  flat  at  shoulders,  rising  with  a  full  concave 
sweep  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  of  medium  length,  abundant. 

Tail:  Moderately  long,  fairly  well  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal,  forming  no  apparent  angle  with 
back  where  these  sections  join;  sickles,  of  medium  length,  spreading 
laterally  beyond  main  tail  feathers;  lesser  sickles  and  tail-coverts,  of  me- 
dium length,  nicely  curved,  sufficiently  abundant  to  cover  the  main  tail 
feathers. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  and  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad,  deep;  keel-bone,  rather  long, 
straight,  extending  well  forward.     Fluff,  moderately  full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  large,  rather  short,  covered  with  soft 
feathers;  shanks,  short,  stout  in  bone,  smooth.  Toes,  of  medium  length, 
straight,  strong,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and 
down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Rather  large,  broad,  deep. 

Beak:  Short,  stout,  regularly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  oval. 

Comb:  Single,  of  medium  size,  set  firmly  on  head,  perfectly  straight 
and  upright;  five  well-defined  points,  those  in  front  and  rear  smaller  than 
middle  ones;  fine  in  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  length,  fine  in  tex- 
ture.    Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size,  oblong. 

Neck:  Rather  short,  well  arched,  nicely  tapering  to  head,  having  a 
moderately  full  hackle. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded. 

Back:  Broad,  moderately  long,  rising  with  concave  sweep  to  tail. 

Tail:  Moderately  long,  fairly  well  spread,  carried  at  an  angle  of 
forty-five  degrees  from  the  horizontal;  tail-coverts,  abundant. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  long,  broad,  deep;  keel-bone,  rather 
long,  straight,  extending  well  forward.     Fluff,  moderately  full. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  large,  rather  short,  covered  with  soft 
feathers;  shanks,  short,  stout,  set  well  apart,  smooth.  Toes,  of  medium 
length,  straight,  strong,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes,  free  from  feathers 
and  down. 


176  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BUFF  ORPINGTONS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes  covering  more  than  one-third  of  the  sur- 
face; yellow  beak  or  skin;  shanks  other  than  white,  or  pinkish- white. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  White,  or  pinkish- white. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  White,  or  pinkish- white. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff,  free 
from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance;  the  head,  neck,  hackle,  back,  wing- 
bows  and  saddle  richly  glossed.  Under-color,  a  lighter  shade  of  buff,  free 
from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or  more  sections,  is 
a  serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections  is  most 
desirable. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  White,  or  pinkish- white. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  White,  or  pinkish- white. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout  an  even  shade  of  rich,  golden  buff,  free 
from  shafting  or  mealy  appearance,  the  head  and  neck  plumage  showing 
a  luster  of  same  shade  as  the  rest  of  the  plumage.  Under-color,  a  lighter 
shade,  free  from  foreign  color.  Different  shades  of  buff  in  two  or  more 
sections,  is  a  serious  defect.  A  harmonious  blending  of  buff  in  all  sections 
is  most  desirable. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  177 

BLACK  ORPINGTONS. 

Disqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes  covering  more  than  one-third  of  surface; 
one-half  inch  or  more  of  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  yellow  skin. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Black. 

Eyes:  Black,  or  dark  brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Black;  web  and  bottom  of  toes,  white. 
Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout;  under-color, 
black. 

WHITE   ORPINGTONS. 

D  isqualifications. 

Positive  white  in  ear-lobes  covering  more  than  one-third  of  surface; 
feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  yellow  skin;  shanks 
other  than  white  or  pinkish-white. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEM\LE. 

Beak:  White,  or  pinkish- white. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  White,  or  pinkish-white. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


178  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BUFF    ORPINGTON    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  179 


BUFF    ORPINGTON    FEMALE 


Class  V. 


POLISH. 

Breed  Varieties 

White  Crested  Black 
Bearded  Golden 
Bearded  Silver 

Polish Bearded  White 

Buff  Laced 
Non-Bearded  Golden 
Non-Bearded  Silver 
Non-Bearded  White 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 4 

Size 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 2 

Crest  —  Shape  12,  Color  8 20 

Head  — ■  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  4,  Beard*  4 8 

Neck  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Wings  — ■  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  — ■  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

Breast  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape3,  Color3 6 

100 

*0mit  "  Beard"  in  the  non-bearded  varieties,  and  give  the  8  points  to  "  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes." 


180 


POLISH. 

The  Polish  varieties  are  regarded  by  fanciers  generally  as  being 
strictly  ornamental,  although  they  represent  one  of  the  oldest  breeds  of 
pure-bred  fowls.  The  male,  to  be  a  typical  specimen,  must  be  of  medium 
size,  with  a  large,  flowing,  well-balanced  crest,  rising  well  in  front  so  as  not 
to  obstruct  the  sight.  The  back  should  be  of  medium  length,  and  the  tail 
large  and  well  expanded,  giving  the  bird  a  well-balanced  appearance. 
The  female  is,  in  many  respects,  similar  to  the  male.  She  should  be  com- 
paratively small,  and  have  a  large,  oval-shaped  crest,  fitting  rather  closelv 
on  the  head  and  well  balanced.  Her  back  should  be  straight  and  rather 
short,  and  the  tail  large  and  well  expanded. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Large,  with  a  pronounced  protuberance  on  top  of  skull. 

Beak:  Of  medium  length,  slightly  curved. 

Nostrils:  Large,  the  crown  being  elevated  above  the  curved  line 
of  beak. 

Eyes:  Large,  full. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  V-shaped,  of  small  size,  the  smaller  the 
better;  set  evenly  on  head,  retreating  into  crest;  natural  absence  of  comb 
is  preferred.  Crest,  very  large,  profuse,  rising  well  in  front  so  as  not  to 
obstruct  the  sight  and  falling  over  on  both  sides  and  in  rear  in  a  regular, 
even  mass. 

IN  BEARDED  VARIETIES. 

Beard:  Thick  and  full,  running  back  of  eye  in  a  graceful  curve. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  equal  length,  thin,  small, 
well  rounded  on  the  lower  edge.     Ear-lobes,  small. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  slightly  arched,  with  abundant  hackle 
flowing  well  down  on  shoulders. 

Wixgs:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Straight,  wide  across  the  shoulders,  tapering  to  tail;  saddle 
feathers,  abundant,  with  concave  sweep  near  base  of  tail. 

Tail:  Large,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees 
from  the  horizontal;  sickles  and  coverts,  abundant  and  covering  main 
tail  feathers  well. 

Breast:  Full,  prominent. 

181 


182  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  short,  moderately  full,  tapering  from  front 
to  rear.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  small;  shanks,  of  medium 
length,  slender.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free 
from  feathers  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head,  Beak,  Nostrils,  Eyes,  Comb,  Wattles  and  Eah-Lobes: 
Similar  to  those  of  male,  but  smaller. 

Crest:  Large,  profuse,  globular,  rising  well  in  front,  regular  and 
unbroken. 

Beard  :  Same  as  male. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  tapering,  with  full  hackle. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Straight,  broadest  at  shoulders,  tapering  with  concave  sweep 
near  base  of  tail. 

Tail:  Large,  broad,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five 
degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Full,  round. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  short,  moderately  full.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  small;  shanks,  of  medium 
length,  slender.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free 
from  feathers  and  down. 

WHITE-CRESTED  BLACK  POLISH. 

Disqualifications. 

White  in  any  part  of  plumage  extending  over  half  an  inch,  except  in 
crest;  shanks  other  than  blue  or  dark  leaden-blue,  except  the  natural  fading 
from  age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Bluish-black. 
Eyes:  Black,  or  brown. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  red.     Crest,  white;  a  narrow  band  of  black 
feathers  at  base  of  feathers  in  front  allowable,  but  the  fewer  the  better. 
Face:  Red. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Bluish-black. 
Plumage,  except  Crest:  Lustrous  greenish-black. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  183 

BEARDED  GOLDEN  POLISH. 

Disqualifications. 

Shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from 
age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  red.     Crest,  golden  bay,  laced  with  black. 

Beard:  Golden  bay,  laced  with  black. 

Face:  Red. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 

Neck:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Wings:  Primaries,  bay,  ending  with  black,  the  black  tapering  to  a 
point  on  lower  edge;  secondaries,  golden  bay,  with  well-defined,  black 
lacing;  coverts,  golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  widest  at  end, 
forming  two  well-defined  wing-bars. 

Back:  Golden  bay,  the  end  of  each  feather  laced  with  black;  saddle 
feathers,  abundant,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the  texture  of  feather 
giving  a  rayed  appearance. 

Tail:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  widest  at  end; 
sickles  and  coverts,  golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  widest  at 
end. 

Breast:  Golden  bay,  free  from  mossing,  each  feather  laced  with 
black,  the  lacing  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 
Fluff,  bay,  tinged  with  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  bay,  laced  with  black;  shanks  and  toes, 
slaty-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  red.  Crest,  in  pullets,  black,  laced  with 
bay,  which,  after  first  molt,  shoidd  be  golden  bay,  laced  with  black. 

Beard:  Golden  bay,  heavily  laced  with  black. 

Face:  Red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 

Neck:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Wings:  Primaries,  golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  black,  the 
black  tapering  to  a  point  on  lower  edge;  secondaries,  golden  bay,  with 


181  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


WHITE-CRESTED    BLACK    POLISH    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  185 


WHITE-CRESTED    BLACK    POLISH    FEMALE 


186  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

well-defined  black  ending;  bows,  golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black; 
coverts,  golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the  black  growing  wider 
at  the  extremity,  forming  two  distinctly  laced  bars  across  wings. 

Back:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Tail:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the  black  being 
wider  at  outer  end  of  feather. 

Breast:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  golden  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 
Fluff,  a  lighter  shade  of  bay  tinged  with  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  bay,  each  feather  laced  with  black.  Shanks 
and  toes,  slaty-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

BEARDED  SILVER  POLISH. 

Disqualifications. 

Shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from 
age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  red.     Crest,  white,  laced  with  black. 

Beard:  White,  laced  with  black. 

Face:  Red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 

Neck  :  White,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Wings:  Primaries,  white,  ending  with  black,  the  black  tapering  to  a 
point  on  lower  edges;  secondaries,  white,  with  well-defined  black  lacing; 
coverts,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  widest  at  end,  forming  two 
well-defined  wing  bars. 

Back:  White,  the  end  of  each  feather  laced  with  black;  saddle 
feathers,  abundant,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the  texture  of  feathers 
giving  a  rayed  appearance. 

*  Tail:  White,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  widest  at  ends;  sickles 
and  coverts,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  widest  at  ends. 

Breast:  White,  free  from  mossing,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the 
lacing  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 
Fluff,  white,  tinged  with  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white  laced  with  black;  shanks  and  toes, 
slaty-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  187 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  red.  Crest  in  pullets,  black,  laced  with 
white.     Beard,  white,  heavily  laced  with  black. 

Face:  Red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 

Neck:  White,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Wings:  Primaries,  white,  each  feather  ending  with  black,  the  black 
tapering  to  a  point  on  lower  edge;  secondaries,  white,  with  well-defined 
black  lacing.  Bows,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  black.  Coverts, 
white,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the  black  growing  wider  at  the  ex- 
tremity, forming  two  distinctly  laced  bars  across  wing. 

Back:  White,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Tail:  White,  each  feather  laced  with  black,  the  black  being  wider  at 
outer  end  of  feather. 

Breast:  White,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  black.  Fluff, 
white,  tinged  with  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white,  each  feather  laced  with  black. 
Shanks  and  toes,  slaty-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 


BEARDED  WHITE  POLISH. 

Disqualifications. 

Shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from 
age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Slaty-blue. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


188  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BEARDED    SILVER    POLISH    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


189 


BEARDED    SILVER    POLISH    FEMALE 


190  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BUFF  LACED  POLISH. 

Disqualifications . 

Shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from 
age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Slaty- blue. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles  :  Bright  red. 

Eak-Lobes:  White. 

Crest:  Rich  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Beard:  Rich  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Head  :  Rich  buff,  ticked  with  pale  buff. 

Neck:  Rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Wings:  Wing- bows,  rich  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff;  primaries,  buff, 
the  outer  end  having  an  edging  of  pale  buff;  secondaries,  rich  buff,  with  a 
well-defined  pale  buff  lacing;  coverts,  rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with 
pale  buff,  widest  at  ends,  forming  two-well  defined  wing-bars. 

Back:  Rich  buff,  the  end  of  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff;  saddle, 
rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Tail:  Buff;  sickles  and  coverts,  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Breast:  Rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 
Fluff,  light  buff. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff.  Shanks  and 
toes,  slaty-blue. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Slaty-blue. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Crest:  Buff,  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Beard  :  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Neck:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Wings:  Bows,  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff;  primaries,  buff;  second- 
aries, buff,  with  a  well-defined  lacing  of  pale  buff;  coverts,  buff,  laced  with 
pale  buff,  the  pale  buff  growing  wider  at  extremity,  forming  two  well- 
defined  wing-bars. 

Back  :  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Tail:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff,  the  pale  buff  being 
wider  at  outer  end  of  feather. 

Breast  :  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  191 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 
Fluff,  light  buff. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 
Shanks  and  toes,  slaty-blue. 

NON-BEARDED  POLISH. 

(Golden,  Silver  and  White.) 

The  same  as  the  bearded  varieties  in  every  respect,  including  dis- 
qualifications, shape  and  color,  except  that  they  have  no  beard.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 


Class  VI. 

HAMBURGS. 
Breed  (       Varieties 

Golden  Spangled 
Silver  Spangled 

Hamburgs 1  Golden  Penciled 

Silver  Penciled 

White 

Black 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 4 

Size 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 10 

Head  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Beak  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Eyes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  —  Shape  5,  Color  .5 10 

Neck  —  Shape  5,  Color  2 7 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  6 10 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape4,  Color8 12 

Breast  —  Shape  4,  Color  5 9 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 _■ 4 

100 


192 


HAMBURGS. 

The  Hamburgs  originated  in  Holland  and  derived  their  name  from 
the  city  of  Hamburg.  They  are  one  of  our  oldest  standard  breeds,  and 
blood  from  at  least  two  of  the  varieties  has  been  used  in  establishing  some 
of  our  most  popular  American  breeds.  They  breed  remarkably  true  to 
type,  birds  at  all  ages  showing  symmetrical  outlines  in  striking  contrast 
to  other  Standard  fowl.  In  size  they  are  rather  small,  and,  while  classed 
as  ornamentals  by  some,  they  are  remarkable  egg  producers  and  have  been 
known  in  some  localities  as  everlasting  layers.  The  eggs  of  the  Hamburg 
are  rather  small  with  white  shells.  Their  plumage  is  close  fitting  and,  in 
markings  in  the  Silver  and  Golden  Spangled  and  Silver  and  Golden  Pen- 
ciled, rival  the  pheasant  in  beauty.  The  plumage  of  the  Golden  Penciled 
female  is  considered  by  many  to  be  the  handsomest  found  in  any  Standard 
fowl.  The  combs  of  all  varieties  are  rose,  rather  large  for  the  size  of  the 
specimen.  The  difficulty  of  securing  perfection  in  the  wide  range  of  color 
found  in  the  several  varieties,  calls  forth  the  greatest  skill  of  the  fanciers, 
and  they  are  found  in  their  highest  state  of  perfection  in  the  yards  of  our 
oldest  and  best  informed  breeders. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Short,  small. 

Beak:  Of  medium  size. 

Eyes:  Full. 

Comb:  Rose,  not  so  large  as  to  overhang  the  eyes  or  beak,  square  in 
front,  firm  and  even  on  head,  without  inclining  to  either  side,  uniform  on 
sides,  top  covered  with  small  points,  free  from  hollow  in  center,  terminating 
at  rear  in  a  spike  which  inclines  upward  very  slightly. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  broad,  thin,  well  rounded,  free 
from  wrinkles.  Ear-lobes,  of  medium  size,  flat,  round,  smooth,  even, 
fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Tapering,  with  full  hackle  flowing  well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  carried  rather  low. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  flat  at  shoulders,  straight,  gradually  slop- 
ing to  rear  of  saddle. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees  from 
the  horizontal;  sickles,  well  curved;  coverts,  abundant. 

Breast:  Broad,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff;  Body,  round,  symmetrical.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

193 


194  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  size;  shanks,  of  medium  length. 
Toes,  straight.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and 
down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Short,  small. 

Beak:  Of  medium  size. 

Eyes:  Full. 

Comb  :  Rose,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  smaller. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  thin,  well  rounded.  Ear- 
lobes,  small,  flat,  round,  smooth,  even,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Tapering,  with  full  hackle. 

Wings:  Large,  carried  rather  low. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  moderately  full,  with  slight  concave  sweep 
to  tail. 

Tail:  Full,  somewhat  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees 
from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Broad,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  round,  symmetrical.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  size,  well  developed;  shanks, 
rather  short,  slender.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes, 
free  from  feathers  and  down. 


GOLDEN  SPANGLED  HAMBURGS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  more  than  one-third  of  the  surface;  absence 
of  distinct  bars  across  the  wings;  markings  wholly  crescentic;  shanks  other 
than  leaden-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from  age;  hen-feathered  male. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  golden  bay. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Golden  bay,  with  a  glossy,  greenish-black  stripe  extending 
down  middle  of  each  feather,  terminating  in  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Bows,  rich,  golden  bay,  distinctly  spangled  with  lustrous 
greenish -black;  primaries,  upper  web  black,  lower  web  bay;  secondaries, 
rich  golden  bay,  lower  feathers  ending  with  lustrous  greenish-black, 
crescent-shaped  spangles,  gradually  increasing  into  round-shaped  spangles 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  195 

as  they  approach  the  back;  coverts,  clear  golden  bay,  free  from  lacing,  each 
feather  ending  with  a  large,  greenish-black  spangle,  forming  two  distinct 
parallel  bars  across  wings. 

Back:  Lustrous  golden  bay,  spangled  with  greenish-black,  the  tex- 
ture of  the  feathers  giving  the  spangles  a  rayed  appearance;  saddle  feathers, 
lustrous  golden  bay  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending  down 
middle  of  each  feather,  same  as  in  hackle. 

Tail:  Lustrous  greenish-black;  sickles,  lustrous  greenish-black; 
coverts,  lustrous  greenish-black. 

Breast:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  lustrous 
greenish-black  spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large, 
greenish-black  spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 
Fluff,  bay,  tinged  with  slate. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a 
greenish-black  spangle.     Shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 


COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  rich,  golden  bay. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Golden  bay,  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  stripe  extending 
down  middle  of  each  feather,  terminating  in  a  point  near  its  extremity. 

Wings:  Bows,  golden  bay,  distinctly  spangled  with  lustrous  greenish- 
black;  primaries,  upper  web  black,  lower  web  bay;  secondaries,  golden 
bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a  lustrous  greenish-black  crescent-shaped 
spangle,  gradually  increasing  into  round-shaped  spangles  as  it  approaches 
the  back;  coverts,  clear  reddish-bay,  free  from  lacing,  each  feather  ending 
with  a  large,  greenish-black  spangle,  forming  two  distinct  parallel  bars 
across  wings. 

Back:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  greenish-black 
spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Tail:  Greenish-black;  coverts,  golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with 
a  lustrous  greenish-black  spangle. 

Breast:  Golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  greenish- 
black  spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a 
large,  greenish-black  spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size 
of  feather.     Fluff,  slate,  tinged  with  gray. 


196  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  golden  bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a 
greenish-black  spangle.     Shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

Note:  In  all  sections  where  the  word  "spangle"  appears,  when 
shape  is  not  otherwise  described,  read,  "  edges  of  spangle  following  web 
of  feather  and  meeting  at  shaft." 

SILVER  SPANGLED  HAMBURGS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  more  than  one-third  of  the  surface;  absence 
of  distinct  bars  across  the  wings;  markings  wholly  crescentic;  shanks  other 
than  leaden-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from  age;  hen-feathered  male. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes  :  Black,  or  brown. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles  :  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  White,  each  feather  ending  with  an  elongated,  black  spangle, 
the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Wings:. Bows,  silvery  white,  distinctly  spangled  with  black;  pri- 
maries, white,  each  feather  edged  with  black  at  end;  secondaries,  clear, 
silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a  black,  crescent-shaped  spangle, 
gradually  increasing  into  a  round-shaped  spangle  as  it  approaches  the 
back;  coverts,  silvery  white,  free  from  lacing,  each  feather  ending  with  a 
large,  black  spangle,  forming  two  distinct  parallel  bars  across  wings. 

Back:  Clear,  silvery  white,  spangled  with  black,  the  texture  of 
feathers  giving  spangles  a  rayed  appearance;  saddle,  clear,  silvery  white, 
each  feather  ending  with  a  black  spangle. 

Tail:  White,  each  feather  ending  with  a  long,  black  spangle;  sickles, 
pure  white,  ending  with  a  large,  black  spangle;  coverts,  pure  white,  ending 
with  black  spangles. 

Breast:  Clear,  silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  black 
spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  clear,  silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with 
a  large,  black  spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 
Fluff,  slate,  tinged  with  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a 
black  spangle.     Shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  197 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Black,  or  brown. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  White,  each  feather  ending  with  an  elongated,  small,  black 
spangle. 

Wings:  Bows,  silvery  white,  distinctly  spangled  with  black;  pri- 
maries, white,  each  feather  ending  with  black  at  end;  secondaries,  clear, 
silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a  lustrous,  black,  crescent-shaped 
spangle,  gradually  increasing  into  a  round-shaped  spangle  as  it  approaches 
the  back;  coverts,  silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  black 
spangle,  forming  two  distinct  parallel  bars  across  wings. 

Back:  Silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  black  spangle. 

Tail:  White,  each  feather  ending  with  a  large,  black  spangle;  coverts, 
white  on  the  outside,   each  feather  ending  with  a  black  spangle. 

Breast:  Clear,  silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a  black 
spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  clear,  silver}-  white,  each  feather  ending 
■with  a  black  spangle,  the  spangle  being  proportionate  to  size  of  feather. 
Fluff,  slate,  tinged  with  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  silvery  white,  each  feather  ending  with  a 
black  spangle.     Shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

Note.  In  all  sections  where  the  word  "spangle"  appears,  when 
shape  is  not  otherwise  described,  lead  "  edges  of  spangle  following  the 
web  of  feather  and  meeting  at  shaft." 


GOLDEN  PENCILED  HAMBURGS. 

D  isq  ualificat  ions. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  one-third  of  the  surface;  breast  of  hen  not 
penciled;  shanks  other  than  leaden-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from 
age;  hen-feathered  male.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  rich,  bright  bay. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 


198  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER   SPANGLED    HAMBURG   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


199 


SILVER   SPANGLED    HAMBURG    FEMALE 


200 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


GOLDEN    PENCILED    HAMBURG    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


201 


GOLDEN    PENCILED    HAMBURG    FEMALE 


202  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Neck:  Rich,  bright  reddish- bay. 

Wings:  Bows,  bright  reddish- bay,  primaries,  upper  web  black,  lower 
web  bay;  secondaries,  upper  web  reddish-bay,  penciled  across  with  black 
bars,  lower  web  reddish-bay,  each  feather  ending  with  a  small,  black  spot ; 
coverts,  reddish-bay,  upper  web  slightly  penciled  across  with  black  bars. 

Back:  Rich,  bright  reddish-bay. 

Tail:  Black;    sickles   and   coverts,   greenish-black   with   a   distinct 
edging  of  rich,  reddish-bay,  the  narrower  the  better. 
.  Breast:  Rich  reddish-bay. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  lustrous  reddish-bay,  the  sides  below  wings 
penciled  across  with  black  bars.     Fluff,  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  reddish-bay.  Shanks  and  toes,  leaden- 
blue. 

Undek-Color  :  Slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  bright  reddish-bay. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Bright  bay. 

Wings:  Bows,  clear  bay,  distinctly  penciled  across  with  greenish- 
black;  primaries,  bay;  secondaries  and  coverts,  bay,  penciled  across  with 
greenish-black. 

»  Back:  Bay,  each  feather  distinctly  penciled  across  with  parallel  bars 
of  greenish-black. 

Tail:  Bay,  penciled  across  with  greenish-black;  coverts,  bay,  pen- 
ciled across  with  greenish-black. 

"  Breast:  Bright   bay,   each  feather  distinctly  penciled  across   with 
parallel  bars  of  greenish-black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  bay,  each  feather  distinctly  penciled  across 
with  parallel  bars  of  greenish-black,  the  bars  forming,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
parallel  lines  across  the  bird.     Fluff,  bay,  penciled  with  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  bay,  penciled  across  with  greenish-black. 
Shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  203 

SILVER  PENCILED  HAMBURGS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  one-third  of  the  surface;  breast  of  female 
not  penciled;  shanks  other  than  leaden-blue,  except  the  natural  fading 
from  age;  hen-feathered  male.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  Clear  white. 

Wings:  Bows,  white;  primaries,  white;  secondaries,  upper  web  black, 
with  a  narrow  border  of  white  or  gray  on  edge;  lower  web,  white  with  a 
narrow  stripe  of  black  next  to  shaft  of  feather;  coverts,  apparently  white 
when  the  wings  are  folded,  but  penciled  with  black  on  upper  web. 

Back:  Silvery  white;  saddle  feathers,  silvery  white. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  black,  with  a  distinct  edging  of 
white,  the  narrower  and  more  uniform  the  better. 

Breast:  White. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  the  sides  below  wings  penciled  across 
with  black  bars.     Fluff,  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  silvery  white;  shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Neck:  White,  except  at  base  which  should  be  penciled  across  with 
narrow  bars  of  greenish-black. 

Wings:  Bows,  white,  distinctly  penciled  with  greenish-black;  pri- 
maries, white;  secondaries  and  coverts,  white,  penciled  across  with  green- 
ish-black. 

Back:  White,  each  feather  distinctly  penciled  across  with  narrow, 
parallel  bars  of  greenish-black. 

Tail:  White,  penciled  across  with  greenish- black;  coverts,  silvery 
white,  penciled  across  with  greenish-black. 


204  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Breast:  White,  each  feather  distinctly  penciled  across  with  narrow, 
parallel  bars  of  greenish-black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  white,  each  feather  distinctly  penciled 
across  with  narrow,  parallel  bars  of  greenish-black,  the  bars  forming,  as 
nearly  as  possible,  narrow,  parallel  lines  across  the  bird.  Fluff,  white, 
penciled  with  black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white,  penciled  across  with  greenish-black; 
shanks  and  toes,  leaden-blue. 

Under-Color:  Slate. 

WHITE  HAMBURGS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  one-third  of  surface;  feathers  other  than 
white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than  leaden- blue,  except  the 
natural  fading  from  age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Leaden-blue. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Leaden-blue. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 

BLACK  HAMBURGS. 

Disqualifications. 

Red  in  ear-lobes  covering  one-third  of  the  surface;  white  in  the  face 
of  cockerels  or  pullets;  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage  extending  over 
half  an  inch,  or  two  or  more  feathers  tipped  or  edged  with  positive  white; 
shanks  other  than  leaden-blue  or  black,  except  the  natural  fading  from  age. 
(See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black. 
Eyes:  Black,  or  brown. 
Comb,  Face  and  Wattles  :  Bright  red. 
Ear- Lobes:  White. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Black. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout.  Under- 
color, black. 


Class  VII. 

FRENCH. 

Breeds  Varieties 

Houdans Mottled 

Crevecoeurs Black 

La  Fleche Black 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

(Except  for  La  Fleche,  which  are  subject  to  Scale  of  Points  for  American  Class.) 

Symmetry 4 

Weight 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 4 

Head  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Beak  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Eyes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Ear-Lobes  and  Wattles  — ■  Shape  2,  Color 3 5 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Breast  —  Shape  6,  Color  4 10 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  4,  Color  3 7 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Crest  and  Beard  —  Shape  8,  Color  4 12 

100 


205 


HOUDANS. 

The  Houdan  characteristics  are  quite  pronounced  and  should  be  pre- 
served in  every  detail.  There  is  a  certain  regularity  in  the  color  of  plum- 
age of  this  breed  that,  too  often,  is  overlooked.  The  glossy,  black  feathers 
should  be  tipped  regularly  with  white  in  the  proportion  of  about  one  tipped 
feather  to  five  solid  black  ones;  a  splashy  white  is  not  desirable.  The 
Standard  weights  are  not  placed  unduly  high,  hence  their  attainment 
should  be  common  in  well-bred  birds.  Houdans  resemble  the  Dorkings 
in  shape  and  size.  The  crest  of  the  Houdan  is  one  of  the  most  important 
sections;  it  should  be  round  and  not  divided  at  the  top. 

Disqualifications. 

Absence  of  crest  or  beard;  feathers  other  than  black  or  white  in  any 
part  of  plumage.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 7$  lbs.  Hen 6j  lbs. 

Cockerel 6£  lbs.  Pullet 5%  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  size,  carried  well  up. 

Beak:  Of  moderate  length,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Wide,  cavernous. 

Eyes:  Large. 
*  Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  V-shaped,  of  small  size,  resting  against  front 
of  crest.     Crest,  large,  well  fitted  on  crown  of  head,  falling  backward  on 
neck,  and  composed  of  feathers  similar  in  shape  and  texture  to  those  of 
hackle. 

Beard  :  Full,  well  developed,  curving  around  to  back  of  eyes,  nearly 
hiding  face. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  uniform  length,  small,  well 
rounded,  nearly  concealed  by  beard.  Ear-lobes,  entirely  concealed  br 
crest  and  beard. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  arched,  with  abundant  hackle  flowing 
well  down  on  shoulders. 

Wings:  Moderately  large,  well  folded,  bows  concealed  by  breast 
feathers  and  points  by  saddle  feathers. 

20C 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  207 

Back:  Long,  broad,  slightly  sloping  toward  base  of  tail;  saddle 
feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Full,  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees  from  the 
horizontal;  sickles  and  coverts,  abundant  and  well  curved. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  round. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  compact,  well  proportioned.  Fluff, 
rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  set  well  apart: 
shanks,  of  medium  length.  Toes,  five  upon  each  foot,  straight,  except  the 
fifth,  which  should  be  detached  from  the  others  and  curve  upward. 
Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Of  medium *size. 

Beak:  Of  moderate  length,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Wide,  cavernous. 

Eyes:  Large,  full. 

Comb  .and  Crest:  Comb,  V-shaped,  similar  to  that  of  male.  Crest, 
large,  compact,  regular,  inclining  backward  in  an  unbroken  mass. 

Beard:  Full,  well  developed,  curving  around  to  back  of  eyes,  nearly 
hiding  face. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  uniform  length,  small,  well 
rounded,  nearly  concealed  by  beard.  Ear-lobes,  entirely  concealed  by 
crest  and  beard. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  arched. 

Wings:  Moderately  large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  slightly  sloping  toward  base  of  tail. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  rather  compact;  carried  at  an  angle  of 
forty  degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  well  rounded. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  long,  compact,  well  proportioned.  Fluff, 
rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  strong,  set  well  apart:  shanks,  of 
medium  length.  Toes,  five  upon  each  foot,  straight,  except  the  fifth, 
which  should  be  detached  from  the  others  and  curved  upward.  Shanks 
l>elow  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 

Ear-Lobes:  White. 

Plumage:  Surface,  glossy  black,   mottled   with  white,  the  end  of 


208 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


HOUDAN    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


209 


' 

"■**          •*>                -  ■  — 

HOUDAN    FEMALE 


210  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

about  one  feather  in  five  tipped  with  white;  the  white  tips  should  be  sharply 
defined  and  evenly  distributed. 

Wings:  Primaries,  white  and  black,  black  predominating;  second- 
aries, black. 

Tail,:  Black,  ends  of  feathers  tipped  with  white;  sickle  feathers,  black 
edged  with  white. 

Shanks  and  Toes;  Pinkish- white,  mottled  with  black. 


CREVECOEURS. 

Disqualifications. 

'  Absence  of  crest  or  beard;  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage,  extend- 
ing over  half  an  inch,  or  two  or  more  feathers  tipped  or  edged  with  positive 
white,  except  in  crest;  shanks  other  than  black  or  dark  lead  color.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 8  lbs.  Hen 7  lbs. 

Cockerel 7  lbs.  Pullet 6  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Large,  with  a  pronounced  protuberance  on  top  of  skull. 

Beak:  Strong,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Broad,  highly  arched. 

Eyes:  Full,  bright. 
-    Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  leaf,  like  the  letter  V  in  shape,  of  medium 
size,  resting  against  front  of  crest.     Crest,  large,  well  fitted  on  crown  of 
head,  regular,  inclining  backward,  composed  of  feathers  similar  in  shape 
and  texture  to  those  of  hackle. 

Beard:  Full,  thick,  extending  around  to  back  of  eyes,  nearly  hiding 
face. 

Face:  Almost  wholly  concealed  by  crest  and  beard. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  uniform  length,  small,  well 
rounded,  nearly  concealed  by  beard.  Ear-lobes,  small,  nearly  concealed 
by  crest  and  beard. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  arched,  with  abundant  hackle  flowing 
well  down  on  shoulders. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded. 

Back:  Broad,  straight;  saddle  feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Full,  expanded,  carried  moderately  upright ;  sickles  and  coverts, 
abundant,  well  curved. 

Breast:  Broad,  full,  rounding  well  to  shoulders. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  compact,  well  proportioned.  Fluff,  rather 
short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  strong;  shanks,  short,  fine  in  bone, 
standing  well  apart.  Toes,  four  upon  each  foot,  straight,  well  spread. 
Shanks  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

211 


212  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Large,  with  a  pronounced  protuberance  on  top  of  skull. 

Beak:  Strong,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Broad,  highly  arched. 

Eyes:  Full,  bright. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  leaf,  like  letter  V  in  shape,  small  and  as 
nearly  concealed  by  crest  as  possible.  Crest,  large,  compact,  even,  globu- 
lar, inclining  backward  in  an  unbroken  mass. 

Beard:  Full,  thick,  extending  around  to  back  of  eyes,  nearly  hiding 
face. 

Face:  Almost  wholly  concealed  by  crest  and  beard. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  uniform  length,  small,  well 
rounded,  nearly  concealed  by  beard.  Ear-lobes,  small,  entirely  concealed 
by  crest  and  beard. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  thick,  well  arched. 

Wings:  Of  medium  size,  well  folded. 

Back:  Broad,  straight. 

Tail:  Moderately  expanded  at  base,  converging  to  tip,  carried 
moderately  upright. 

Breast:  Broad,  full,  rounding  well  to  shoulders. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  compact,  well  proportioned.  Fluff,  rather 
short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  strong;  shanks,  short,  fine  in  bone. 
Toes,  four  upon  each  foot,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  and  toes,  free 
from  feathers  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black,  shading  into  horn  at  tip. 
"Eyes:  Bright  red. 
Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Black,  or  dark  leaden. 
Plumage:  Rich,  glossy  black. 


LA   FLECHE. 

D  isqualificat  ions. 

Presence  of  crest;  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage  extending  over 
half  an  inch,  or  two  or  more  feathers  tipped  or  edged  with  positive  white; 
shanks  other  than  black  or  leaden-black  in  color.  (See  general  disquali- 
fications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 8jlbs.  Hen 7h  lbs. 

Cockerel lh  lbs.  Pullet (>i  lbs 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Of  medium  size,  long. 

Beak:  Rather  long,  strong,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Wide,  cavernous. 

Eyes:  Large. 
'  Comb:  V-shaped;  of  medium  size. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  equal  length,  long,  well 
rounded,  pendulous.     Ear-lobes,  large. 

Neck:  Long,  erect,  with  abundant  hackle  flowing  well  down  on 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Long,  powerful,  well  folded. 

Back:  Broad,  very  long,  slanting  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Very  long,  full,  carried  rather  low;  sickles,  abundant;  coverts. 
well  curved. 

Breast:  Broad,  full,  very  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  large,  powerful,  tapering  to  tail,  with  close 
plumage.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  long,  powerful;  shanks,  long.  Toes, 
straight,  large.     Shanks  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Of  medium  size,  long. 

Beak:  Rather  long,  strong,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Wide,  cavernous. 

Eyes:  Large. 

Comb:  V-shaped:  small. 

213 


214  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  equal  length,  small,  well 
rounded.     Ear-lobes,  small. 

Neck:  Long,  carried  upright,  with  full  hackle. 

Wings:  Long,  powerful,  well  folded. 

Back:  Broad,  long,  slanting  to  tail. 

Tail:  Long,  well  expanded,  carried  upright. 

Breast:  Broad,  full,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  large,  deep,  tapering  to  tail.  Fluff,  rather 
short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  long,  powerful;  shanks,  long.  Toes, 
straight,  large.     Shanks  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Black,  or  dark  horn  with  a  small  protuberance  of  bright  red 
flesh  at  juncture  of  beak  and  nostrils. 
Eyes:  Bright   red. 

Comb,  Face  and  Wattles:  Bright  red. 
Ear- Lobes:  White. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Black,  or  leaden-black. 
Plumage:  Rich,  glossy  black. 


Class  VIII. 


GAMES  AND  GAME  BANTAMS. 

Breeds  Varieties 

Black-Breasted  Red 
Brown  Red 
Golden  Duckwing 

Games Silver  Duckwing 

Birchen 

Red  Pyle 

White 

Black 

Black-Breasted  Red 

Brown  Red 

Golden  Duckwing 

Silver  Duckwing 

Birchen 

Red  Pyle 

White 

Black 

SCALE  OE  POINTS. 

Station 10 

Condition 6 

Comb 2 

Head 
Beak. 

3S. 


Game  Bantams. 


Shape  4,  Color  1 5 

4 

Eyes 4 

Ear-Lobes  and  Wattles 2 

Neck  —  Shape  5,  Color  3 8 

Wings  —  Shape  5,  Color  4 9 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  3 7 

Tail  —  Shape  5,  Color  3 8 

Breast  — -  Shape  4,  Color  3 7 

Body  and  Stern  —  Shape  4,  Color  3 7 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  10,  Color  5 15 

Shortness  of  feathers (5 

100 


£15 


GAMES. 

The  Game  has  a  style  or  carriage  peculiar  to  itself,  which  is  generally 
described  by  the  word  "Station."  A  high-stationed  bird  is  most  desirable. 
Shortness  and  closeness  of  feathering  are  of  great  importance,  as  loose- 
feathered  birds  invariably  fail  in  shape  of  neck.  If  the  neck  feathers  are 
too  long  and  soft,  the  slimness  and  length  of  the  neck  are  destroyed.  The 
comb  and  wattles  of  the  cock  should  be  dubbed,  in  order  to  have  the  head 
and  lower  jaw  smooth  and  free  from  ridges.  Exceptionally  large  birds 
are  undesirable,  as  overgrowth  tends  to  coarseness  at  the  expense  of  form 
and  style  of  carriage,  which  are  essential  to  superior  quality  in  Games. 

Disqualifications. 

Cocks  not  dubbed;  artificial  coloring,  trimming  or  plucking  of  foul 
feathers.  Games  are  not  to  be  disqualified  for  side  sprigs.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Long,  lean  and  bony. 

Beak:  Long,  tapering,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  full,  with  keen  expression. 

Comb:  Cock,  neatly  and  smoothly  dubbed;  cockerel,  if  undubbed, 
single,  small,  straight,  thin,  erect,  evenly  serrated. 

Face:  Lean,  thin,  with  fine  skin. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Cock,  neatly  and  smoothly  dubbed; 
cockerel,  if  undubbed,  small,  thin,  round,  smooth. 

Neck:  Long,  very  slightly  arched,  carried  erect,  tapering  neatly  and 
gradually  from  body  to  head,  thin  and  clean-cut  at  throat,  giving  a  distinct 
outline  to  head;  hackle,  short,  close. 

Wings:  Large,  powerful,  the  fronts  standing  out  from  body  at 
shoulders,  the  feathers  folded  closely  together,  the  points  not  extending 
beyond  body;  carried  without  drooping,  but  not  carried  over  the  back. 

Back:  Flat,  rather  short,  straight  on  top  from  hackle  to  tail,  broad  at 
shoulders,  narrowing  and  sloping  to  stern. 

Tail:  Rather  short,  compact,  closely  folded,  carried  at  slight  eleva- 
tion; sickle  feathers,  narrow,  short,  tapering;  tail-coverts,  narrow,  fine, 
short. 

Breast:  Broad,  rounded  at  sides. 

216 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  217 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  fine  and  close  on  under  part;  not  deep. 
Stern,  well  tucked  up  underneath. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  long,  muscular,  standing  out  from  body, 
but  slightly  sloping  to  hocks.  Shanks,  long,  smooth,  bony,  standing  well 
apart.  Toes,  long,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes, 
free  from  feathers  and  down. 

Plumage:  Short,  close. 

Station:  Erect. 

Size:  Exceptionally  large  birds  are  undesirable. 

Note:  Cockerels  shown  after  Nov.  1st  should  be  dubbed. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Long,  lean  and  bony. 

Beak:  Long,  tapering,  slightly  curved. 

Eves:  Large,  full,  with  keen  expression. 

Comb:  Single,  small,  straight,  thin,  erect,  evenly  serrated. 

Face:  Lean,  thin,  with  fine  skin. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  thin,  round.  Ear-lobes, 
small. 

Neck:  Long,  very  slightly  arched,  carried  erect,  tapering  neatly  and 
gradually  from  body  to  head,  thin  and  clean-cut  at  throat,  giving  a  distinct 
outline  to  head ;  hackle,  short,  close. 

Wings:  Large,  powerful,  the  fronts  standing  out  from  body  at 
shoulders,  the  feathers  folded  closely  together,  the  points  not  extending 
beyond  body;  carried  without  drooping,  but  not  carried  over  the  back. 

Back:  Flat,  rather  short,  straight  on  top  from  hackle  to  tail,  broad  at 
shoulders,  narrowing  and  sloping  to  stern. 

Tail:  Rather  short,  compact,  closely  folded,  carried  at  slight  eleva- 
tion. 

Breast:  Broad,  round  at  sides. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  fine  and  close  on  under  part;  not  deep. 
Stern,  well  tucked  up  underneath. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  long,  muscular,  standing  out  from  body, 
but  slightly  sloping  to  hocks.  Shanks,  long,  smooth,  bony,  standing  well 
apart.  Toes,  long,  straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes, 
free  from  feathers  and  down. 

Plumage:  Short,  close. 

Station:  Erect. 

Size:  Exceptionally  large  birds  are  undesirable. 


218  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BLACK-BREASTED  RED  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  light  orange. 
Beak:  Horn. 
•  Eyes:  Red. 
Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  :  Red. 
Neck:  Hackle,  light  golden. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  black;  wing-fronts,  black;  wing-bows,  red;  wing- 
coverts,  lustrous  black,  forming  a  distinct  bar  across  wing;  primaries,  black, 
except  lower  feather,  the  outer  web  of  which  should  be  bay;  secondaries, 
part  of  outer  web  forming  wing-bay,  bay,  remainder  of  feathers,  black. 
'Back:  Bright  red;  saddle,  light  golden. 

Tail:  Black;  sickle  feathers  and  tail-coverts,  lustrous  black. 
^Breast:  Black. 
Body  and  Stern  :  Black. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  willow-green. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  gold. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Red. 

Neck  :  Hackle,  light  golden  with  black  stripe  through  middle  of  each 
feather  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  wing-fronts,  wing- bows,  wing-coverts  and  second- 
aries, grayish-brown,  stippled  with  golden  brown;  primaries,  black. 

Back:  Grayish-brown,  stippled  with  golden  brown. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers  which,  with  the  coverts, 
should  be  brown. 

Breast:  Light  salmon,  shading  off  to  ashy-brown  toward  thighs. 

Body  and  Stern:  Ashy-brown. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  ashy-brown.  Shanks  and  toes,  willow- 
green. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  219 

BROWN  RED  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,    orange. 

Beak:  Black. 

Eyes:  Black. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Dark  purple. 

Neck:  Hackle,  lemon,  with  a  _iarro\v,  dark  stripe  through  middle  of 
each  feather,  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  black;  wing-fronts,  black;  wing- bows,  lemon; 
wing-coverts,  lustrous  black;  primaries  and  secondaries,  black. 

Back:  Lemon;  saddle,  lemon,  with  a  narrow,  dark  stripe  through 
middle  of  each  feather,  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Tail:  Black;  sickle  feathers  and  tail-coverts,  lustrous  black. 

Breast:  Black,  the  feathers  laced  with  lemon. 

Body  and  Stern:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  black. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 
Head:  Plumage,  lemon. 
Beak:  Black. 
Eyes:  Black. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Dark  purple. 
Neck:  Hackle,  lemon  with  a  narrow,  dark  stripe  through  middle  of 
each  feather  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 
Wings:  Black. 
Back:  Black. 
Tail:  Black. 

Breast:  Black,  each  feather  laced  with  lemon. 
Body  and  Stern:  Black. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  black. 


220 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BLACK-BREASTED    RED    GAME    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


221 


BLACK-BREASTED    RED   GAME   FEMALE 


222  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

GOLDEN  DUCKWING  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  creamy  white. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  creamy  white,  free  from  striping. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  black;  wing-fronts,  black;  wing-bows,  golden; 
greater  and  lesser  wing-coverts,  blue-black,  forming  a  distinct  bar  across 
wing;  primaries,  black,  except  lower  feathers,  outer  web  of  which  should  be 
creamy  white;  secondaries,  part  of  outer  web  forming  wing-bay,  creamy 
white,  remainder  of  feathers,  black. 

Back:  Golden;  saddle,  light  golden,  free  from  black  striping. 

Tail:  Black;  sickle  feathers  and  tail-coverts,  lustrous  blue-black; 
lesser  tail-coverts,  light  golden. 

Breast:  Black. 

Body  and  Stern:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  willow. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  silvery  gray,  with  narrow,  dark  stripe  through  middle 
of  each  feather  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  wing-fronts,  wing-bows,  wing-coverts  and  second- 
aries, gray,  stippled  with  dark  gray;  primaries,  dark  brown. 

Back:  Gray,  stippled  with  darker  gray. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers,  which  should  be  gray, 
stippled  with  darker  gray. 

Breast:  Rich   salmon. 

Body  and  Stern:  Ashy-gray. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  ashy-gray.     Shanks  and  toes,  willow. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  223 

SILVER  DUCKWING  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  white,  free  from  black  stripes. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  black;  wing-coverts,  blue-black;  wing-fronts, 
black;  wing-bows,  white,  forming  distinct  bar  across  wing;  primaries, 
black,  except  lower  feathers,  outer  web  of  which  should  be  white;  second- 
aries, part  of  outer  web  forming  wing-bay,  white,  remainder  of  feathers, 
black. 

"Back:  White;  saddle,  white,  free  from  black  stripes. 

Tail:  Black;  sickle  feathers   and   tail-coverts,  lustrous  blue-black; 
lesser  tail-coverts,  white. 
-Breast:  Black. 

Body  and  Stern:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  willow. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  silvery  gray. 

Beak:  Horn. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  silvery  gray,  with  narrow,  black  stripe  through  middle 
of  each  feather  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  wing-fronts,  wing- bows,  wing-coverts  and  second- 
aries, light  gray,  finely  stippled  with  darker  gray;  primaries,  black 

Back:  Light  gray,  finely  stippled  with  darker  gray. 

Tail:  Black,  except  the  two  top  feathers,  which  should  be  light  gray, 
stippled  with  darker  gray. 
•>  Breast:  Light  salmon. 

Body  and  Stern:  Ashy-gray. 

Legs  and  Toes;  Thighs,  ashy-gray.     Shanks  and  toes,  willow. 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER    DUCKWING    GAME    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  225 


SILVER   DUCKWING   GAME   FEMALE 


226  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BIRCHEN  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 

Beak:  Black. 

Eyes:  Black. 
■  Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Dark  purple. 

Neck:  Hackle,  white,  with  narrow,  dark  stripe  through  middle  ot 
each  feather  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 

Wings:  Shoulders,    black;    wing-fronts,    black;    wing-bows,    white; 
wing-coverts,  glossy  black;  primaries  and  secondaries,  black. 

Back:  White;  saddle,  white,  with  narrow,  black  stripe  through  middle 
of  each  feather. 

Tail:  Black;  sickle  feathers  and  tail-coverts,  lustrous  black. 

Breast:  Ground  color,  black,  the  feathers  laced  with  white. 

Body  and  Stern:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  black. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  white. 
Beak:  Black. 
Eyes:  Black. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Dark  purple. 
Neck:  Hackle,  white,  with  narrow,  dark  stripe  through  middle  of 
each  feather  terminating  in  a  point  near  extremity  of  feather. 
Wings:  Black. 
Back:  Black. 
Tail:  Black. 

Breast:  Black,  feathers  laced  with  white. 
Body  and  Stern:  Black. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  toes,  black. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  227 

RED  PYLE  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  bright  orange. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  light  orange. 

Wings:  Shoulders,  white;  wing-fronts,  white;  wing- bows,  red;  wing- 
coverts,  white,  forming  distinct  bar  across  wing;  primaries,  white,  except 
lower  feathers,  outer  web  of  which  is  bay;  secondaries,  part  of  outer  web 
forming  wing-bay,  red,  remainder  of  feathers,  white. 
^Back:  Red;  saddle,  light  orange. 

Tail:  Sickle  and  tail-coverts,  white. 
'  Breast:  White. 

Body  and  Stern:  White. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white.     Shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Plumage,  golden. 
Beak:  Yellow. 
Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Red. 
Neck:  Hackle,  white,  the  feathers  edged  with  gold. 
Wings:  White. 
^Back:  White. 
Tail:  White. 
Breast:  Salmon. 
Body  and  Stern:  White. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white.     Shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 


228 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


RED    PYLE    GAME    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


229 


RED    PYLE    GAME    FEMALE 


230  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

WHITE  GAMES. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Red. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  :  Red. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Yellow. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 

BLACK  GAMES.. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Black. 
Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Deep  red. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Black. 

Plumage:  Surface,    lustrous    greenish-black    throughout;     under- 
color, black. 


GAME  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Cocks,  not  dubbed;  artificial  coloring,  trimming  or  plucking  of  foul 
feathers;  cocks  weighing  over  28  ounces;  hens  weighing  over  26  ounces: 
cockerels  weighing  over  26  ounces;  pullets  weighing  over  24  ounces. 
Game  Bantams  are  not  to  be  disqualified  for  side  sprigs.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 22  oz.  Hen 20  oz. 

Cockerel 20  oz.  Pullet 18  oz. 

SHAPE  AND  COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

The  shape  and  color  of  Game  Bantams  shall  be  the  same  as  of  the 
corresponding  varieties  of  Games. 


231 


Class  IX. 

ORIENTALS. 

Breeds  Varieties 

f  Dark 

Cornish I  White 

(  White-Laced  Red 

Sumatras Black 

Malays Black-Breasted  Red 

Malay  Bantams Black-Breasted  Red 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Station 8 

Weight 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 6 

Head  —  Shape  3,  Color  1 4 

Beak  —  Shape  1,  Color  1 2 

Eyes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Ear-Lobes  —  Shape  1,  Color  1 2 

Wattles  —  Shape 1 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  3 7 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  6,  Color  4 10 

Tail  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Breast  —  Shape  6,  Color  4 10 

Body  and  Stern  —  Shape  6,  Color  3 9 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  6,  Color  3 9 

Shortness  of  Feathers 4 

100 


232 


CORNISH  FOWLS. 

The  Cornish  Fowl  originated  in  Cornwall,  England,  some  years  prior 
to  1846.  They  were  produced  by  crossing  a  Lord  Derby  Black-Breasted 
Red  Game  with  a  Red  Aseel  imported  from  India.  Later  on  the  blood  of 
the  Sumatra  Game  was  introduced.  The  parental  blood  is  apparent  in 
the  Cornish  of  the  present  day.  From  the  Aseel  they  derive  the  short, 
thick  legs,  large  thighs,  deep  and  broad  breast,  great  width  of  back  at 
shoulders,  comparatively  short  neck  and  projecting  brows;  from  the  Lord 
Derby  Game,  the  red  color  of  plumage  and  the  tendency  of  the  breed  to- 
ward red  eyes;  from  the  Sumatra  Game,  the  great  luster  of  plumage,  es- 
pecially in  the  tail.  They  are  sturdy  in  appearance,  and  the  thighs  are 
stout  and  muscular.  The  breast  bone  is  well  set  in,  causing  a  lack  of  full- 
ness of  breast,  which  is,  however,  very  broad  and  rounded  at  the  sides. 
The  carriage  is  upright,  the  shoulders  being  carried  high  and  the  stern  low. 
The  body  between  thighs  should  be  very  wide.  The  White  variety  is 
identical  with  the  Dark  Cornish,  except  that  the  plumage  should  be  pure 
white. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 9  lbs.  Hen 7  lbs. 

Cockerel 8  lbs.  Pullet 6  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Short,  deep  and  broad,  the  crown  projecting  over  the  eyes, 
indicating  great  vigor  and  strong  constitution. 

Beak:  Short  and  stout,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Full,  with  bold  and  fearless  expression,  not  sunken,  in  the 
sense  of  being  close  together. 

Comb  and  Face:  Comb,  pea,  small,  firmly  and  closely  set  upon  head. 
Dubbed  males  deduct  the  full  value  of  the  comb.  Face,  rather  coarse  in 
texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  even,  smooth  in  texture. 
Ear-lobes,  small,  smooth  in  texture. 

Neck:  Medium  in  length,  slightly  arched;  throat,  full,  dotted  with 
small  feathers. 

Wings:  Short  and  muscular,  closely  folded;  wing-fronts  standing  out 
prominently  from  body  at  shoulders;  wing-points,  slightly  rounded  at  ex- 

233 


234  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

treme  ends  when  folded,  closely  tucked  at  ends  and  held  on  a  line  with 
lower  tail-coverts. 

Back:  Medium  in  length,  top  line  of  back  slightly  convex,  sloping 
downward  from  base  of  neck  to  tail,  and  slightly  sloping  from  each  side 
of  back  bone,  well  filled  in  at  base  of  neck;  hip-bones  very  wide  apart;  very 
broad  across  the  shoulders,  carrying  its  width  well  back  to  a  line  with  the 
thighs,  showing  good  width  between  wings  and  then  narrowing  to  tail. 

Tail:  Short  and  closely  folded,  carried  slightly  drooping. 

Breast:  Broad  and  deep,  well  rounded  at  sides,  projecting  beyond 
wing-fronts  when  specimen  is  standing  erect. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  well  rounded  at  sides;  keel,  long  and 
straight.     Stern,  well  tucked  up. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  round,  muscular,  set 
well  apart;  shanks,  short  and  stout  in  bone.  Toes,  long,  strong  and 
straight,  well  spread.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers 
and  down. 

Plumage:  Short,  narrow  and  close. 

Station  and  Carriage:  Station,  low;  carriage,  erect,  upright, 
indicating  great  vigor. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Short,  deep  and  broad,  the  crown  projecting  over  the  eyes, 
indicating  great  vigor  and  strong  constitution. 

Beak:  Well  curved. 

Eyes:  Full,  with  bold  and  fearless  expression,  not  sunken  in  the 
sense  of  being  close  together. 

Comb  and  Face  :  Comb,  pea,  small,  and  closely  set  upon  head.  Face, 
rather  coarse  in  texture. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  even;  smooth  in  texture. 
Ear-lobes,  small,  smooth  in  texture. 

Neck:  Medium  in  length,  slightly  arched;  throat,  full,  dotted  with 
small  feathers. 

Wings:  Short  and  muscular,  closely  folded;  wing-fronts,  standing  out 
prominently  from  body  at  shoulders;  wing- points,  slightly  rounded  at  ex- 
treme ends  when  folded,  closely  tucked  at  ends  and  held  on  a  line  with 
lower  tail-coverts. 

Back:  Medium  in  length;  top  line  of  back  slightly  convex,  sloping 
downward  from  base  of  neck  to  tail,  and  slightly  sloping  from  each  side 
of  back  bone;  well  filled  in  at  base  of  neck,  hip-bones  very  wide  apart; 
very  broad  across  the  shoulders,  carrying  its  width  well  back  to  a  line  with 
the  thighs  showing  good  width  between  wings  and  then  narrowing  to  tail. 

Tail:  Short  and  closely  folded,  carried  slightly  drooping. 

Breast:  Broad  and  deep,  well  rounded  at  sides,  projecting  beyond 
wing-fronts  when  specimen  is  standing  erect. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  235 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  well  rounded  at  sides;  keel,  long  and 
straight.      Stern,  well  tucked  up. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  round,  muscidar,  set 
well  apart;  shanks,  short  and  stout.  Toes,  long,  strong  and  straight, 
well  spread.  Shanks,  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and 
down. 

Plumage:  Short,  narrow  and  close. 

Body  in  Hand:  Firm,  compact,  muscular. 

Station  and  Carriage:  Station,  low;  carriage,  erect,  upright,  in- 
dicating great  vigor. 


DARK  CORNISH. 

Disn  u  edification  s. 

Combs  other  than  pea  or  irregular  pea;  solid  whi  e,  blue  or  black 
shanks.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Greenish-black. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Yellow,  approaching  pearl. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  lustrous  greenish-black;  shafts,  red;  plumage,  other 
than  hackle,  lustrous  greenish-black,  shafts,  red. 

Wings:  Wing-fronts,  greenish- black;  wing-bows,  lustrous  greenish- 
black  and  dark  red  intermixed,  the  black  greatly  predominating;  coverts, 
forming  wing-bars,  lustrous  greenish- black;  primaries,  black,  except  a 
narrow  edging  of  bay  on  outer  web;  secondaries,  upper  web  black,  lower 
web  one-third  black  next  to  shaft,  the  remainder  bay. 

Back:  Lustrous  greenish-black  and  dark  red  intermixed,  the  black 
greatly  predominating;  saddle  feathers,  like  back  in  color,  but  with  a 
somewhat  larger  proportion  of  dark  red. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  lustrous  greenish- black. 

Breast:  Lustrous  greenish-black. 

Body  and  Stern:  Black. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 

Under-Color:  Dark  slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  greenish-black. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Yellow,  approaching  pearl. 


236  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


DARK    CORNISH    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


237 


DARK    CORNISH    FEMALE 


238  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Hackle,  lustrous  black,  with  bay  shaft  to  each  feather;  plum- 
age, other  than  hackle,  bay,  approaching  mahogany,  each  feather  having 
two  pencilings  of  lustrous  black,  the  pencilings  following  contour  of  web  of 
feathers. 

Wings:  Primaries,  black,  except  a  narrow  edging  of  irregularly 
penciled  bay  upon  outer  part  of  web;  secondaries,  upper  web  black,  lower 
web  black  next  to  shaft  of  feather,  with  a  broad  margin  of  irregularly  pen- 
ciled bay;  wing- bows  and  coverts,  bay,  approaching  mahogany,  each 
feather  having  two  pencilings  of  lustrous  black,  the  pencilings  following 
contour  of  web  of  feather. 

Back:  Bay,  approaching  mahogany. 

Tail:  Main  feathers,  black,  except  the  two  upper  feathers  which 
are  irregularly  penciled  with  bay;  coverts,  bay,  approaching  mahogany, 
each  feather  having  two  pencilings  of  lustrous  black,  the  pencilings  follow- 
ing contour  of  web  of  feather. 

Breast:  Bay,  approaching  mahogany,  each  feather  having  two  pen- 
cilings of  lustrous  black,  the  pencilings  following  contour  of  web  of  feather. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  bay,  approaching  mahogany,  each  feather 
having  two  pencilings  of  lustrous  black,  the  pencilings  following  contour 
of  web  of  feather.     Stern,  black,  or  black  tinged  with  bay. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  black,  more  or  less  penciled  with  bay, 
shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 

WHITE  CORNISH. 

Disqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  pea  or  irregular  pea;  red,  buff  or  positive  black  in 
any  part  of  plumage;  solid  green  or  white  shanks.  (See  general  disquali- 
fications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Yellow,  approaching  pearl. 
Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Yellow. 
Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  239 

WHITE-LACED  RED  CORNISH. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 8  lbs.  Hen 6  lbs. 

Cockerel 7  lbs.  Pullet 5  lbs. 

Disqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  pea  or  irregular  pea;  solid  white,  blue  or  black 
shanks.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Rich,  bright  red,  each  feather  tipped  with  white. 

Beak:  Bright  yellow. 

Eyes:  Yellow,  or  approaching  pearl. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  laced  with  silvery  white;  under- 
color, snow  white. 

Wings:  Wing-fronts,  wing-bows  and  shoulders,  bright,  rich  red,  each 
feather  regularly  and  accurately  laced  with  a  narrow  lacing  of  silvery  white; 
coverts,  bright,  rich  red,  forming  wing-bars,  accurately  laced  with  white; 
primaries,  bright,  rich  red,  ending  with  white  and  well  up  on  lower  edge; 
secondaries,  bright,  rich  red,  with  well-defined,  accurate  lacings  of  white; 
flight -coverts,  red,  laced  with  white;  under-color,  snow  white. 

Back:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  ending  with  silvery  white  ap- 
proaching the  letter  "V"  in  shape;  saddle  feathers  prominent,  each  feather 
laced  with  silvery  white,  the  texture  of  the  feather  giving  a  ray  appearance; 
under-color,  snow  white. 

Tail:  White,  with  shaft  and  extreme  center,  red;  sickles  and  coverts, 
white,  with  red  shaft  and  center. 

Breast:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  laced  with  a  narrow  lacing 
of  white,  regular  and  accurate,  following  shape  of  web  to  fluff;  under- 
color, snow  white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  regularly  and  ac- 
curately laced  with  a  narrow  lacing  of  white,  throughout;  under-color, 
snow  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  accurately 
laced  with  white;  under-color  white;  shanks  and  toes,  a  strong,  bright 
yellow. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  laced  with  white. 

Beak:  Bright  yellow. 

Eyes:  Yellow,  or  approaching  pearl. 


240 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


WHITE-LACED    RED    CORNISH    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


241 


WHITE-LACED    RED    CORNISH    FEMALE 


242  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  accurately  laced  with  white; 
under-color,  snow  white. 

Wings:  Bright,  rich  red,  with  wing-bows,  wing-fronts,  shoulders 
and  wing-bars  accurately  laced  with  a  narrow  lacing  of  white;  primaries, 
bright,  rich  red  ending  with  white  and  well  up  on  lower  edge;  secondaries, 
bright,  rich  red,  with  well-defined,  accurate  lacings  of  white;  under-color, 
snow  white. 

Back:  Bright,  rich  red  throughout,  with  each  feather  from  cape  to 
tail,  regularly  and  accurately  laced,  with  a  narrow  white  lacing  conforming 
perfectly  to  shape  of  feather  and  free  from  mossings  or  barrings;  under- 
color, snow  white. 

Tail:  Red,  each  feather  laced  with  white,  the  white  being  wider  at 
extremity  of  feather. 

Breast:  Bright,  rich  red,  with  each  feather  regularly  and  accurately 
laced  with  a  narrow  lacing  of  white  conforming  perfectly  to  shape  of 
feather,  free  from  mossings  or  barrings;  under-color,  snow  white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Bright,  rich  red,  each  feather  accurately  laced  with 
white;  under-color,  snow  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  red,  each  feather  accurately  laced  with 
white;  under-color,  snow  white;  shanks  and  toes,  a  bright,  strong  yellow. 


BLACK  SUMATRAS. 

Disq  ualifications. 

Combs  other  than  pea;  white  ear-lobes;  feathers  other  than  black  in 
any  part  of  plumage.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 10 

Condition 10 

Comb  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 0 

Head  and  Beak  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Eyes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Ear-Lobes  and  Wattles 2 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  7,  Color  5 12 

Breast  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Body  and  Stern  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Length  of  Feathers 4 

100 
SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Short  and  round. 

Beak:  Of  medium  length,  strong,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large  and  bold. 
^Comb:  Pea,  small. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Very  small. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  well  arched;  hackle,  long,  flowing. 

Wings:  Long,  large,  carried  with  fronts  slightly  raised;  points  of 
feathers  folded  closely  together,  not  drooping  and  not  carried  over  the  back. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  broad  at  shoulders,  slightly  narrowing  to 
tail,  with  very  long,  flowing  saddle  feathers. 

Tail:  Long,  drooping,  carried  at  an  angle  of  thirty  degrees  above  the 
horizontal,  with  abundance  of  feathers  and  coverts  which  should  be  long 
and  flowing. 

Breast:  Broad,  full. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  firm,  muscular,  tapering  to  tail.  Stern, 
compact. 

243 


244  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  strong;  shanks, 
rather  short,  standing  well  apart.  Toes,  long,  straight,  and  well  spread. 
Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Short  and  round. 

Beak:  Of  medium  length,  strong,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large  and  bold. 

Comb:  Pea,  small. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Loees:  Very  small. 

Neck:  Rather  long;  hackle,  long. 

Wings:  Long,  large;  points  not  drooping  and  not  carried  over  the 
back. 

Back:  Of  medium  length,  broad  at  shoulders,  slightly  narrowing  to 
tail. 

Tail:  Long,  large,  drooping,  carried  at  an  angle  of  thirty  degrees 
above  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Broad,  round,  full. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  firm,  muscular,  tapering  to  tail.  Stern, 
compact. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  large,  strong;  shanks, 
rather  short,  standing  well  apart.  Toes,  well  spread.  Shanks  below 
hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  olive  or  leaden-black. 
Eyes:  Dark  brown. 
Comb  and  Face:  Purple. 
Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Dark  red. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Dark  olive  or  leaden-black. 
*  Plumage:  Very  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout. 


BLACK-BREASTED  RED  MALAYS. 

Disq  ualifications. 

Single  or  lopped  combs;  shanks  or  feet  other  than  yellow  in  color;  duck 
feet.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 9  lbs.  Hen 7  lbs. 

Cockerel 7  lbs.  Pullet 5  lbs. 

STANDARD  HEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  in.  Hen 18  in. 

Cockerel 18  in.  Pullet 15  in. 

SCALE  OE  POINTS. 

Station 10 

Weight  and  Height 12 

Condition 8 

Head,  Beak  and  Eyes  —  Shape  5,  Color  (i 11 

Comb 6 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes 4 

Neck  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  2,  Color  3 5 

Tail  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Breast  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Body  and  Stern  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Thighs  and  Shanks  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 (5 

Feet 2 

Hardness  of  Feather  —  Condition  3,  Hardness  3 0 

100 
SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Broad,  long,  crown  heavy  and  projecting  over  the  eyes,  giving 
a  fierce,  cruel  expression. 

Beak:  Thick,  short,  strong. 
Eyes:  Large,  clear. 

245 


246  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Comb:  Rather  small,  resembling  a  strawberry  or  knob  in  front;  set 
well  forward.     If  males  are  dubbed,  deduct  six  points. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Very  small. 

Neck:  Long,  nearly  straight  and  upright;  hackle,  short,  scanty. 

Wings:  Of  medium  length,  large,  strong,  bony,  very  prominent  at 
shoulders,  carried  compactly  against  sides;  wing-points  resting  under 
saddle  feathers,  without  drooping  or  being  carried  over  back. 

Back:  Long,  slanting,  rather  convex  in  outline,  tapering  to  tail,  large 
and  broad  at  shoulders;  saddle,  narrow,  drooping;  saddle  feathers,  short, 
scanty. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  drooping,  well  folded  together;  sickle 
feathers  curved,  but  not  long. 

Breast:  Broad,  full;  breast-bone,  deep,  prominent. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  firm,  muscular,  broad  at  intersection  of 
shoulders,  tapering  toward  tail.     Stern,  well  tucked  up. 

Thighs  and  Shanks:  Thighs,  long,  hard,  round,  set  well  apart. 
Shanks,  long. 

Feet:  Flat,  broad;  toes,  well  apart,  long,  straight.  Shanks  and  toes 
free  from  feathers  and  down. 

Hardness  of  Feather:  Feathers,  short,  lying  close,  hard,  firm  and 
strong. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Broad,  long,  crown  heavy  and  projecting  over  the  eyes,  giving 
a  fierce,  cruel  expression. 

Beak:  Thick,  short,  strong;  face  and  throat  bare  of  feathers. 

Eyes:  Large,  clear. 

Comb:  Rather  small,  resembling  a  strawberry  or  knob  in  front;  set 
well  forward. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Very  small. 

Neck:  Long,  nearly  straight  and  upright;  hackle,  short. 

Wings:  Of  medium  length,  large,  strong,  bony,  very  prominent  at 
shoulders,  carried  compactly  against  sides;  wing- points  resting  under 
saddle  feathers,  without  drooping  or  being  carried  over  back. 

Back:  Long,  slanting,  rather  convex  in  outline,  tapering  to  tail,  large 
and  broad  at  shoulders. 

Tail:  Of  medium  length,  carried  slightly  drooping,  well  folded. 

Breast:  Broad,  full;  breast-bone,  deep,  prominent. 

Body  and  Stern:  Body,  firm,  muscular,  broad  at  intersection  of 
shoulders,  tapering  toward  tail.     Stern,  well  tucked  up. 

Thighs  and  Shanks:  Thighs,  long,  hard,  round,  set  well  apart. 
Shanks,  long,  bony,  strong,  standing  evenly  apart;  scales  smooth. 

Feet:  Flat,  broad;  toes,  well  apart,  long,  straight.  Shanks  and  toes 
free  from  feathers  and  down. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  247 

Hardness  of  Feather:  Feathers  short,  lying  close,  hard,  firm, 
strong. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  red  or  maroon. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  yellow  striped  with  horn. 

Eyes:  Pearl,  yellow  or  daw. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Eak-Lobes:  Rich  red  or  purplish. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  black;  hackle,  dark  red,  shading 
into  reddish-maroon. 

Wings:  Wing-fronts,  black;  wing- bows,  a  rich,  glossy,  dark  red; 
coverts,  glossy  greenish-black,  forming  a  wide  bar  across  the  wings;  pri- 
maries, black,  outer  edge  rich  bay;  secondaries,  part  of  outer  web  forming 
wing-bay,  rich  bay,  the  remainder  of  feathers  black. 

Back:  Rich,  glossy,  dark  red  or  maroon;  saddle  feathers,  rich,  dark 
red. 

Tail:  Black;  sickle  feathers  and  tail  coverts,  ricn,  glossy  greenish- 
black. 

Breast:  Glossy  black. 

Body  and  Stern:  Black. 

Thighs  and  Shanks:  Thighs,  black.     Shanks  and  feet,  yellow. 

Under-Color:  Slate,  tinged  with  brown. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Plumage,  dark  brown. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  yellow  and  horn. 

Eyes:  Pearl,  yellow  or  daw. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Rich  red  or  purplish. 

Neck:  Plumage,  other  than  hackle,  cinnamon-brown;  hackle,  dark 
brown,  or  brown  striped  with  black. 

Wings:  Wing- fronts,  wing-bows,  coverts  and  secondaries,  brown; 
primaries,  very  dark  brown. 

Back:  Dark  or  cinnamon-brown,  not  infrequently  penciled. 

Tail:  Very  dark  brown  or  black. 

Breast:  Cinnamon-brown,  not  infrequently  penciled. 

Body  and  Stern:  Brown. 

Thighs  and  Shanks:  Thighs,  brown.      Shanks  and  feet,  yellow. 

Under-Color:  Slate,  tinged  with  brown. 


BLACK-BREASTED    RED   MALAY 
BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Same  as  for  large  Malays;  also,  cocks  weighing  over  30  ounces,  hens 
over  28  ounces,  cockerels  over  28  ounces,  pullets  over  26  ounces. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  oz.  Hen 24  oz. 

Cockerel 24  oz.  Pullet 22  oz. 

SHAPE  AND  COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

The  general  shape  and  color  of  Black-Breasted  Red  Malay  Bantams 
shall  be  the  same  as  those  of  the  standard-size  Malays. 


248 


Class  X. 

ORNAMENTAL    BANTAMS. 

Breeds  Varieties 

Sebrights (  Golden 

\  Silver 

Rose-Comb (  White 

\  Black 

Booted White 

Brahma (  Light 

(Dark 

|  Buff 

Cochin  J  P31-*1^ 

^OCH1N S  White 

(  Black 

C  Black  Tailed 

Japanese s  White 

(  Black 

f  Bearded  White 

Polish -j  Buff  Laced 

(  Non-Bearded 


249 


ORNAMENTAL   BANTAMS. 

Ornamental  Bantams  are  bred  chiefly  for  pleasure  and  fancy,  but 
thev  possess  many  useful  qualities  as  well,  being,  as  a  rule,  good  layers 
^  and  valuable  as  sitters;  in  fact,  Cochin  Bantam  hens  are  used  to  hatch 
the  eggs  of  Pheasants  and  other  fowls  under  domestication.  Among 
ornamental  bantams  the  Cochin  and  Brahma  Bantams  are  miniatures 
of  the  large  Cochins  and  Brahmas  in  shape  and  color;  the  Black  and  White 
Rose-Combs  are  counterparts  of  the  graceful  and  stylish  Hamburgs, 
carrying,  however,  wings  and  tails  somewhat  larger  in  proportion  to  the 
body.  They  are  the  embodiment  of  grace,  style  and  sprightliness. 
>  Sebright  Bantams,  were  originated  in  England  by  the  late  Sir  John 

.  Sebright  and  were  the  result  of  thirty  years  of  painstaking  care  in  mating 
and  breeding.  They  are,  perhaps,  the  greatest  achievement  of  the 
fancier's  art  in  producing  birds  of  both  sexes  that  are  marvels  of  diminu- 
tive size  and  laced  feathers  in  all  sections.  The  feathers  in  both  male  and 
female  are  laced  exactly  alike.  The  low  carriage  of  wings  and  well- 
spread  tail  give  to  these  beautiful  birds  a  most  distinctive  and  striking  ap- 
pearance. 

The  Japanese  Bantams  are  one  of  the  curiosities  of  the  Bantam  class. 
The  disproportionately  large  comb,  face,  wings  and  tail  (of  the  male), 
and  remarkable  shortness  of  legs  are  the  chief  characteristics.  The  tail 
is  distinguished  by  the  long,  sword-shaped  sickles,  that  are  carried  forward 
and  upright  to  an  unusual  degree. 

Polish  Bantams  should  be  the  same  in  shape,  style  and  plumage  as 
the  large  varieties  of  Polish. 

The  White  Booted  are  distinct  from  the  White  Cochin  Bantams  in  the 
possession  of  an  abundance  of  stiff  feathers,  pronounced  vulture-hocks, 
and  an  upright  and  sprightly  carriage. 


250 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  251 

SCALE  OF  POINTS  FOR  SEBRIGHT  AND 
ROSE-COMB  BANTAMS. 

Symmetry 4 

Weight 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 8 

Head  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 . 4 

Beak  —  Shape  2.  Color  2 4 

Eye  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Neck  —  Shape  3,  Color4 7 

Wings  —  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  6,  Color  6 12 

Breast  —  Shape  5,  Color  4 !) 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 0 

100 

SCALE  OF   POINTS  FOR  BOOTED  WHITE,  BRAHMA,  ALL 
COCHIN  AND  JAPANESE  BANTAMS. 

Symmetry 8 

Weight .  ! 6 

Condition 6 

Comb 8 

Head  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 (> 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes 0 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  6 10 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Breast  —  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  5,  Color  3 8 

Legs  and  Toes j 8 

100 


SEBRIGHT  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  rose;  absence  of  spike;  cocks  or  cockerels  having 
hackle  feathers  extending  over  shoulders  or  sickle  feathers  extending  more 
than  an  inch  and  a  half  beyond  tail  proper;  shanks  other  than  slaty-blue 
in  color;  cocks  weighing  over  30  ounces;  hens  weighing  over  26  ounces; 
cockerels  weighing  over  26  ounces;  pullets  weighing  over  24  ounces.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  oz.  Hen 22  oz. 

Cockerel 22  oz.  Pullet 20  oz. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Large,  round  in  front  and  carried  well  back. 

Beak:  Short,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  round. 

Comb:  Rose,  square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on  head,  terminating  at 
rear  in  a  spike  which  inclines  upward  very  slightly;  top  covered  with 
small  points. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  broad,  well  rounded.  Ear- 
lobes,  flat. 

Neck:  Tapering,  well  arched,  carried  very  far  back;  hen-feathered, 
free  from  true  hackle  feathers. 

Wings:  Large,  carried  low,  but  not  so  low  as  to  conceal  hocks. 

Back:  Very  short,  free  from  saddle  hangers. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  seventy  degrees 
from  the  horizontal,  very  high,  free  from  sickles;  feathers,  broadest  toward 
the  ends,  the  two  upper,  which  may  be  slightly  curved,  not  extending  more 
than  an  inch  and  a  half  beyond  others;  coverts,  straight,  round  at  ends 
and  lying  close  to  sides  of  tail. 

Breast:  Full,  round,  carried  prominently  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  compact,  deep,  short.      Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  very  short  and  stout;  shanks,  short,  rather 
slender.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  below  hock,  and  toes,  free  from  feath- 
ers and  down. 

252 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  253 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Broad  and  well  rounded. 

Beak:  Short,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Large,  round. 

Comb  :  Rose,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  very  small. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  well  rounded.  Ear- 
lobes,  flat,  small. 

Neck:  Tapering,  upright. 

Wings:  Large,  carried  low,  but  not  so  low  as  to  conceal  hocks. 

Back:  Short,  tapering  to  tail. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  seventy  degrees 
from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Full,  round,  carried  prominently  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  compact,  deep,  short.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  very  short,  stout;  shanks,  short,  rather 
slender.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  below  hocks,  and  toes,  free  from  feath- 
ers and  down. 

GOLDEN  SEBRIGHT  BANTAMS. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb  and  Face:  Reddish-purple. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.  Ear-lobes,  reddish- 
purple. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Slaty-blue. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout,  golden  yellow,  each  feather  evenly 
and  distinctly  laced  all  around  with  a  narrow  edging  of  lustrous  black. 
Under-color,  slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb  and  Face:  Reddish-purple. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.  Ear-lobes,  reddish- 
purple. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Slaty-blue. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout,  golden  yellow,  each  feather  evenly 
and  distinctly  laced  all  around  with  a  narrow  edging  of  lustrous  black. 
Under-color,  slate. 


254 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


SILVER   SEBRIGHT    BANTAM   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  255 


SILVER    SEBRIGHT    BANTAM    FEMALE 


256  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SILVER  SEBRIGHT  BANTAMS. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb  and  Face:  Reddish-purple. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.  Ear-lobes,  reddish- 
purple. 

•  Shanks  and  Toes:  Slaty-blue. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout,  silvery  white,  each  feather  evenly  and 
distinctly  laced  all  around  with  a  narrow  edging  of  lustrous  black.  Under- 
color, slate. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Dark  horn. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb  and  Face:  Reddish-purple. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.  Ear-lobes,  reddish- 
purple. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Slaty-blue. 

Plumage:  Surface  throughout,  silvery  white,  each  feather  evenly 
and  distinctly  laced  all  around  with  a  narrow  edging  of  lustrous  black. 
Under-color,  slate. 


ROSE-COMB  BANTAMS. 

D  ^qualifications. 

Combs  other  than  rose;  absence  of  spike;  cocks  weighing  over  28 
ounces;  hens  weighing  over  24  ounces;  cockerels  weighing  over  24  ounces; 
pullets  weighing  over  22  ounces.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  oz.  Hen 22  oz. 

Cockerel 22  oz.  Pullet 20  oz. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Small,  round,  carried  well  backward  over  the  body. 

Beak:  Short,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Full. 

Comb:  Rose,  square  in  front,  firm  and  even  on  head,  terminating  at 
rear  in  spike  which  inclines  upward  very  slightly;  top  covered  with  small 
points. 

Wattles  axd  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  broad,  thin,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  prominent,  flat,  round,  smooth,  even,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Tapering,  carried  back  so  as  to  bring  head  toward  tail; 
hackle,  full,  long,  descending  well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  points  carried  low,  but  not  to  conceal  hocks;  second- 
aries, slightly  expanded. 

Back:  Very  short,  tapering  to  tail;  saddle  feathers,  abundant,  long. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees  from 
the  horizontal;  sickles,  long,  well  curved;  coverts,  abundant. 

Breast:  Full,  round,  carried  prominently  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  plump,  tapering  toward  tail.     Fluff,  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short;  shanks,  short,  smooth,  tapering. 
Toes,  straight.     Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Small,  round. 
Beak:  Short,  slightly  curved. 
Eyes:  Full. 

Comb:  Rose,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  smaller. 

257 


258  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


ROSE-COMB    BLACK    BANTAM    MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


259 


ROSE-COMB    BLACK   BANTAM    FEMALE 


2G0  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  thin,  well  rounded.  Ear- 
lobes,  prominent,  flat,  round,  smooth,  even,  fitting  closely  to  head. 

Neck:  Short,  tapering,  carried  well  back. 

Wings:  Large,  points  carried  low,  but  not  to  conceal  hocks. 

Back:  Short,  tapering  to  tail. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded.  Carried  at  an  angle  of  forty  degrees 
from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Full,  round,  carried  prominently  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  compact,  tapering  toward  tail.  Fluff, 
short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short;  shanks,  smooth,  short,  tapering. 
Toes,  straight.     Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

ROSE-COMB  WHITE  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  shanks  other  than 
white.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  White. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 
Comb  and  Face:  Bright  red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  White,  with  pinkish  tinge  on  back  of  shanks  and 
between  scales. 

Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 

ROSE-COMB  BLACK  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage,  extending  over  half  an  inch,  or 
two  or  more  feathers  tipped  or  edged  with  positive  white.  Shanks  other 
than  black  or  very  dark  leaden-blue.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Black. 
Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb  and  Face:  Bright  red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.    Ear-lobes,  white. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Black. 
Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout. 


BOOTED  WHITE  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  absence  of  vulture- 
hocks;  shanks  not  feathered  down  the  outer  sides,  shanks  other  than  white; 
outer  toes  not  feathered;  cocks  weighing  over  28  ounces;  hens  weighing 
over  24  ounces;  cockerels  weighing  over  24  ounces;  pullets  weighing  over 
22  ounces.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  oz.  Hen 22  oz. 

Cockerel 22  oz.  Pullet 20  oz. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Small,  round,  carried  well  back. 

Beak:  Short,  slightly  curved. 

Eyes:  Full. 

Comb,  Wattles  axd  Ear-Lobes:  Comb,  single,  of  medium  size,  firm 
and  straight  on  head,  evenly  serrated.  Wattles,  broad,  thin,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes,  flat. 

Neck:  Tapering,  curved  well  back,  with  full,  long  hackle,  descend- 
ing well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  points  carried  a  little  low. 

Back:  Short;  saddle  feathers,  abundant,  long. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  very  upright;  sickles,  long,  well  curved; 
coverts,  abundant,  long. 

Breast:  Full,  round. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  short  and  compact.  Fluff,  mod- 
erately full. 

Le&s  and  Toes:  Thighs,  long,  well  furnished  with  long,  stiff  feathers 
or  vulture-hocks  which  almost  touch  the  ground;  shanks,  long,  heavilv 
feathered  on  the  outer  sides.  Toes,  straight,  outer  toes  heavily  feathered 
to  their  extremities. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 
Head:  Small,  round. 
Beak:  Short,  slightly  curved. 
Eyes:  Full. 

261 


262  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Comb:  Single,  small,  firm  and  straight  on  head,  evenly  serrated. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Wattles,  small,  well  rounded.  Ear- 
lobes,  flat. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  tapering,  carried  well  back. 

Wings:  Large,  points  carried  a  little  low. 

Back:  Short. 

Tail:  Full,  well  expanded,  rather  upright. 

Breast:  Full,  round. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  short  and  compact.  Fluff,  moder- 
ately full. 

Legs  and  Toes  :  Thighs,  long,  well  furnished  with  long,  stiff  feathers 
or  vulture-hocks;  shanks,  long,  heavily  feathered  on  outer  sides.  Toes, 
straight,  outer  toes  heavily  feathered  to  their  extremities. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  White. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  White. 
Plumage:  Pure  white. 


BRAHMA  BANTAMS. 

{Light  and  Dark.) 

Brahma  Bantams,  male  and  female,  should  conform  in  miniature 
fashion  to  the  general  outlines  of  the  larger  Brahmas.  Stiff  hock  plumage 
is  very  objectionable. 

Disqualifications. 

Disqualifications  for  Brahma  Bantams  shall  be  the  same  as  for  larger 
Brahmas  of  the  corresponding  variety. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 30  oz.  Hen 26  oz. 

Cockerel 26  oz.  Pullet 24  oz. 

DISQUALIFYING  WEIGHTS. 

Cock !U  oz.  Hen .SO  oz. 

Cockerel 30  oz.  Pullet 28  oz. 

SHAPE  AND  COLOR,  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

The  general  shape  and  color  of  Brahma  Bantams  ahall  conform  to 
the  description  of  the  corresponding  variety  of  the  larger  Brahmas. 


263 


264 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BUFF  COCHIN  BANTAM  MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


205 


BUFF    COCHIN    BANTAM    FEMALE 


266 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BLACK    COCHIN    BANTAM   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


267 


BLACK    COCHIN    BANTAM   FEMALE 


COCHIN  BANTAMS. 

The  Cochin  Bantam  male  should  conform  in  miniature  fashion  to  the 
general  outlines  of  the  larger  Cochin.  He  should  be  broad,  deep,  plump, 
and  well  rounded,  of  bold  and  forward  carriage,  short  in  legs,  head  carried 
not  much  higher  than  tail.  Plumage,  long,  loose  and  abundant,  the  more 
fluff  plumage  the  better;  stiff  hock  plumage  is  objectionable.  The  Cochin 
Bantam  female  should  conform,  in  a  feminine  way,  with  the  male.  In 
general  outlines  she  should  be  rather  short,  neat  and  well  rounded,  very 
profuse  of  feathering  and  short  in  leg.     Stiff  hock  plumage  is  objectionable. 

Disqualifications. 

The  disqualifications  for  all  Cochin  Bantams  shall  be  the  same  as 
for  larger  Cochins  of  the  corresponding  variety,  except  as  to  hock  plumage. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 30  oz.  Hen 2<>  <>/,. 

Cockerel 26  oz.  Pullet 24  oz. 

DISQUALIFYING  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 34  oz.  Hen 30  oz. 

Cockerel 30  oz.  Pullet 28  oz. 

SHAPE  AND  COLOR,  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

The  general  shape  and  color  of  all  Cochin  Bantams  shall  conform  to 
the  description  of  the  corresponding  variety  of  the  larger  Cochins. 


268 


JAPANESE  BANTAMS. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  oz.  Hen 22  oz. 

Cockerel 22  oz.  Pullet 20  oz. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head  :  Rather  large  and  broad. 

Beak:  Very  strong,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large. 

Comb:  Single,  large,  firm  and  straight  on  head;  evenly  serrated, 
having  five  distinct  points. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  large,  pendent.  Ear-lobes, 
large,  smooth. 

Neck:  Rather  short,  curving  prominently  backward,  with  abundant, 
hackle  flowing  well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  long,  points  decidedly  drooping. 

Back:  Very  short;  saddle  feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Very  large,  somewhat  expanded,  carried  in  so  erect  a  position 
as  to  almost  come  in  contact  with  back  of  head;  sickles,  long,  very  upright, 
very  slightly  curved. 

Breast:  Very  full,  round,  carried  prominently  forward. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  short,  deep  and  compact.  Fluff, 
short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  size,  short;  shanks,  very  short, 
smooth.     Toes,  straight.     Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head  :  Rather  large  and  broad. 

Beak:  Strong,  well  curved. 

Eyes:  Large. 

Comb:  Single,  large,  firm  and  straight  on  head;  evenly  serrated,  hav- 
ing five  distinct  points. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  size,  well  rounded. 
Ear-lobes  of  medium  size,  smooth. 

Neck:  Short,  well  curved. 

Wings:  Large,  long,  points  decidedly  drooping. 

Back:  Short. 

269 


270  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Tail:  Large,  carried  fairly  upright. 

Breast:  Full,  round,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rather  short,  deep  and  compact.  Fluff, 
short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  size,  short;  shanks,  very  short, 
smooth.     Toes,  straight.     Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and  down. 

BLACK-TAILED   JAPANESE   BANTAMS. 

D  isq  ucdifications. 

Combs  other  than  single;  shanks  other  than  yellow;  cocks  weighing 
over  30  ounces;  hens  weighing  over  26  ounces;  cockerels  weighing  over  20 
ounces;  pullets  weighing  over  24  ounces.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  White. 

Beak:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  White. 

Wings:  Primaries,  dark  slate  or  black,  edged  with  white;  secondaries, 
dark  slate  or  black,  with  wide  edging  of  white  on  upper  web,  lower  web 
white;  coverts,  white.     The  wing,  when  folded,  shows  white  only. 

Back:  White;  saddle  feathers,  white. 

Tail:  Black;  sickles  and  coverts,  black,  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  White. 

Body  and  Fluff:  White. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  White. 

Beak:  Yeilow. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Neck:  White. 

Wings:  Primaries,  dark  slate  or  black,  edged  with  white;  secondaries, 
dark  slate  or  black  with  wide  edging  of  white  on  upper  web,  lower  web 
white;  coverts,  white.     The  wing  when  folded  shows  white  only. 

Back:  White. 

Tail:  Black;  coverts,  white.     Two  top  feathers  edged  with  white. 

Breast:  White. 

Body  and  Fluff:  White. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white;  shanks  and  toes,  yellow. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  271 

WHITE   JAPANESE   BANTAMS. 

D  isqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  single;  feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of 
plumage;  shanks  other  than  yellow;  cocks  weighing  over  30  ounces;  hens 
weighing  over  26  ounces;  cockerels  weighing  over  20  ounces;  pullets  weigh- 
ing over  24  ounces.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Yellow. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Yellow. 
Plumage:  Pure  white. 

BLACK   JAPANESE   BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  single;  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage  extending 
over  half  an  inch,  or  two  or  more  feathers  tipped  or  edged  with  positive 
white;  shanks  other  than  yellow  or  yellowish-black;  cocks  weighing  over 
30  oimces;  hens  weighing  over  26  ounces;  cockerels  weighing  over  26 
ounces;  pullets  weighing  over  24  ounces.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Yellow,  or  yellow  shaded  with  black. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Comb,  Face,  Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Yellow,  or  yellow  shaded  with  black. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous  greenish-black  throughout. 


272  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BLACK-TAILED    JAPANESE    BANTAM   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  273 


BLACK-TAILED    JAPANESE    BANTAM    FEMALE 


POLISH   BANTAMS. 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 4 

Size 4 

Condition 4 

Comb 2 

Head  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Crest  —  Shape  12,  Color  8 20 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes  4,  Beard  4 8 

Neck  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  — ■  Shape  5,  Color  5 10 

Breast  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Bodyand  Fluff  —  Shape 3,  Color3 6 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 (5 

100 
STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 26  oz.  Hen 22  oz. 

Cockerel 22  oz.  Pullet 20  oz. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Large,  with  a  considerable  protuberance  on  top  of  skull. 

Beak:  Rather  long. 

Nostrils:  Large,  with  crown  elevated  above  ordinary  curve  of  beak. 

Eyes:  Large,  full. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  V-shaped,  having  two  prongs  of  small 
size  —  the  smaller  the  better  —  retreating  into  crest;  natural  absence  of 
same  not  to  be  considered  a  defect.  Crest,  very  large,  thick,  flowing,  well 
fitted  on  crown  of  head,  rising  well  in  front  so  as  not  to  obstruct  the  sight, 
and  falling  over  on  both  sides  and  at  rear  in  a  regular,  even  mass,  com- 
posed of  feathers  similar  in  shape  and  texture  to  those  of  hackle. 

Beard:  In  bearded  varieties,  thick,  full,  extending  back  to  crest. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  thin,  pendulous,  well  rounded 
on  lower  edges.     Ear-lobes,  small,  even  in  surface,  almond-shaped. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  slightly  arched,  with  abundant  hackle 
flowing  well  over  shoulders. 

274 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  275 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Straight,  wide  across  the  shoulders,  tapering  to  tail;  saddle 
feathers,  abundant. 

Tail:  Large,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees 
from  the  horizontal;  sickles  and  coverts,  well  curved,  abundant. 

Breast:  Round,  deep,  full,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  full,  comparatively  wide  at  shoulders, 
tapering  from  front  to  rear.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length  and  size;  shanks,  of 
medium  length.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and 
down. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Similar  to  that  of  the  male,  but  smaller. 

Beak  :  Rather  long. 

Nostrils:  Large,  with  crown  elevated  above  ordinary  curve  of  beak. 

Eyes:  Large,  full,  bright. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  V-shaped,  having  two  prongs  of  small 
size  —  the  smaller  the  better  —  retreating  into  crest,  natural  absence  of 
same  not  to  be  considered  a  defect.     Crest,  very  large,  round,  even  on  head. 

Beard:  In  bearded  varieties,  thick,  full,  extending  back  to  crest. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  thin,  small,  well  rounded  on 
lower  edges.     Ear-lobes,  small,  even  in  surface,  rounded  on  lower  edges. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  tapering,  with  hackle  flowing  well  over 
shoulders. 

Wings:  Large,  well  folded. 

Back:  Straight,  broadest  at  shoulders,  tapering  to  tail. 

Tail:  Large,  broad,  well  expanded,  carried  at  an  angle  of  forty-five 
degrees  from  the  horizontal. 

Breast:  Round,  full,  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  full,  widest  at  shoulders,  tapering  from 
front  to  rear.     Fluff,  rather  short. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length  and  size;  shanks,  of 
medium  length.  Toes,  straight.  Shanks  and  toes  free  from  feathers  and 
down. 


276  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BEARDED  WHITE  POLISH  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  V-shaped;  shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue, 
except  the  natural  fading  from  age;  cocks  weighing  over  30  ounces;  hens 
weighing  over  26  ounces;  cockerels  weighing  over  26  ounces;  pullets  weigh- 
ing over  24  ounces.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Beak:  Slaty-blue. 
Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 
Comb  and  Face:  Bright  red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  red.     Ear-lobes,  bluish-white. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Blue,  or  slaty-blue. 
Plumage:  Web,  fluff  and  quills  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 

BUFF  LACED  POLISH  BANTAMS. 

Disqualifications. 

Shanks  other  than  blue  or  slaty-blue,  except  the  natural  fading  from 
age.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Beak:  Slaty-blue. 

Eyes:  Reddish-bay. 

Comb  and  Face:  Bright  red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,  bright  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 

Crest:  Rich  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Beard:  Rich  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Head:  Rich  buff,  ticked  with  pale  buff. 

Neck:  Rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Wings:  Wing-bows,  rich  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff.  Primaries, 
buff,  the  outer  end  having  an  edging  of  pale  buff.  Secondaries,  rich  buff, 
with  a  well-defined  pale  buff  lacing.  Coverts,  rich  buff,  each  feather  laced 
with  pale  buff,  widest  at  ends,  forming  two  well-defined  wing-bars. 

Back  :  Rich  buff,  the  end  of  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff.  Saddle 
rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Tail:  Buff.  Sickles  and  coverts,  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale 
buff. 

Breast:  Rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  rich  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 
Fluff,  light  buff. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  277 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff.  Shanks  and 
toes,   slaty-blue. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Slaty-blue. 

Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb  and  Face:  Bright  red. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  :  Wattles,  bright  red.     Ear-lobes,  white. 

Crest:  Buff,  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Beard:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Neck:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Wings:  Bows,  buff,  laced  with  pale  buff.  Primaries,  buff.  Sec- 
ondaries, buff,  with  a  well-defined  lacing  of  pale  buff.  Coverts,  buff, 
laced  with  pale  buff,  the  pale  buff  growing  wider  at  extremity,  forming  two 
well-defined  wing-bars. 

Back:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Tail:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff,  the  pale  buff  being 
wider  at  outer  end  of  feather. 

Breast:  Buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Bodv,  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 
Fluff,  light  buff. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  buff,  each  feather  laced  with  pale  buff. 
Shanks  and  toes,  slaty-blue. 

NON-BEARDED  POLISH  BANTAMS. 

The  same  as  the  bearded  varieties  in  every  respect,  including  disquali- 
fications, shape  and  color,  except  that  they  have  no  beard.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 


Class  XI. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Breeds  rz 

Varieties 

?ILKIES White 

^LTANS- • White 

Frizzles A       „  , 

Any  Color 


278 


SILKIES. 

Silkies  derive  their  name  from  the  peculiar  formation  of  the  plumage, 
their  feathers  being  webless  and  of  a  silky  texture.  This  peculiarity  lends 
attractiveness  to  the  breed,  as  it  is  possessed  by  no  other  Standard  fowl. 
Their  general  appearance,  short,  feathered  legs,  broad  backs  and  profuse 
plumage,  are  suggestive  of  the  Cochin.  The  length  of  the  webless  feathers 
is  a  particularly  desirable  feature.  The  contrast  formed  by  the  white 
plumage  and  purple  face  is  noticeable  on  account  of  its  singularity;  in  fact, 
the  appearance  of  these  birds  presents,  throughout,  a  series  of  contra- 
dictions to  the  generally-accepted  laws  which  govern  Standard-bred  fowls. 

D  isqvalifications. 

Absence  of  crest  or  of  fifth  toe;  feathers  not  truly  silky;  shanks  not 
feathered  down  outer  sides;  vulture-hocks.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry, 4 

Size 4 

Condition 4 

Head  and  Beak  —  Shape  3,  Color  .5 8 

Eye  —  Shape  1,  Color  2 3 

Comb  and  Crest  —  Comb  5.  Crest  10 15 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes 6 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 , 8 

Wings  — -  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Breast  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Legs  and  Toes , 8 

Texture  of  Plumage 6 

loo 

SHAPE  OF  MALE. 
Head:  Short,  round. 
Beak:  Short,  stout. 
Eyes:  Large. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  nearly  round,  cushion  covered  with  small 

279   * 


280  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

corrugations  set  prominently  and  firmly  on  the  head;  crest,  soft  and  full, 
as  upright  as  comb  will  permit,  falling  gracefully  backward. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  of  medium  length;  concave 
from  without  inward,  nearly  semi-circular.     Ear-lobes,  oval. 

Neck:  Short,  with  very  full  hackle  flowing  well  over  shoulders. 

Wings:  Small,  carried  low,  the  primaries  and  secondaries  have  a 
ragged,  fringe-like  appearance  and  the  ends  are  fairly  covered  by  the 
saddle  hangers. 

Back:  Broad,  short;  saddle,  rising  gradually  from  about  the  middle 
of  back  toward  tail. 

Tail:  Small,  main  feathers  having  a  ragged,  fringe-like  appear- 
ance. 

Breast:  Full. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad,  squarely  formed.  Fluff,  full  and 
abundant. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  well  furnished  with  silky  fluff; 
shanks,  short,  feathered  on  outer  sides  with  silky  plumage.  Toes,  five 
on  each  foot,  the  outer  toes  feathered. 

Size:  Cock  should  not  weigh  more  than  three  pounds. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Small,  short,  round. 

Beak:  Short,  stout. 

Eyes:  Large. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  similar  to  that  of  male,  but  very  small. 
Crest,  small,  globular,  erect. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small.  Ear-lobes,  small  and 
round. 

Neck:  Short,  with  abundant  hackle. 

Wings:  Small,  carried  low;  the  primaries  and  secondaries  have  a 
ragged  and  fringe-like  appearance  and  the  ends  are  fairly  covered  by  the 
saddle  hangers. 

Back:  Broad  and  short,  rising  in  a  concave  sweep  from  middle  back 
to  a  rounded  cushion  which  extends  to  tail. 

Tail:  Small,  almost  concealed  by  cushion  and  fluff;  main  tail  feathers 
have  a  ragged,  fringe-like  appearance. 

Breast:  Full. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  broad,  compact.     Fluff,  full,  abundant. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  well  furnished  with  silky  fluff; 
shanks,  short,  feathered  on  outer  sides  with  silky  plumage.  Toes,  five 
on  each  foot,  the  outer  toes  feathered. 

Plumage:  Soft,  silky,  webless. 

Size:  Hens  should  not  weigh  more  than  two  pounds. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  281 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Blue. 

Eyes:  Black. 

Comb  and  Face:  Purple. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Wattles,   purple.     Ear-lobes,  turquoise 

blue. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Leaden-blue. 
Plumage:  White. 


SULTANS. 

They  have,  for  their  most  attractive  characteristics,  the  novel  features 
of  a  full  crest,  muff  and  beard,  with  vulture-hocks  and  profuse  shank  and 
toe  feathering.  These  peculiarities  should  be  most  prominent  in  their 
form  and  outlines. 

Disqualifications. 

Beak  other  than  white  or  pale  flesh  color;  large,  red  face;  absence 
of  beard;  absence  of  vulture-hocks;  shanks  not  feathered  down  outer 
sides.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 4 

Size 4 

Condition 4 

Head  —  Shape 3,  Color3 G 

Comb  and  Crest  —  Comb,  4,  Crest  12 16 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes  4,  Beard  8 12 

Neck  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Wings  —  Shape  3,  Color3 6 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Tail  —  Shape  4,  Color  4 8 

Breast  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 (5 

Body  and  Fluff  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Legs  and  Toes 12 

100 
SHAPE  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Medium  size. 

Beak:  Short,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Large. 

Eyes:  Oval. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  very  small,  having  two  spikes  V-shaped. 
Crest,  large,  globular  and  compact. 

Beard:  Very  full,  joining  whiskers  and  extending  to  crest. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  round.  Ear-lobes,  small, 
round,  concealed  by  crest  and  whiskers. 

Neck:  Short,  arched,  carried  well  back. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  283 

Wings:  Rather  large,  carried  low. 

Back:  Rather  long  and  straight. 

Tail:  Large,  full,  abundantly  furnished  with  sickles  and  coverts. 

Breast:  Deep  and  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  very  square,  deep,  compact,  carried  low. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  very  short,  well  feathered,  with  long,  full 
vulture-hocks;  shanks,  short,  heavily  feathered  down  outer  sides.  Toes, 
five  upon  each  foot,  straight,  the  middle  and  outer  toes  well  feathered. 

Size:  Cocks  should   weigh  five  pounds. 

SHAPE  OF  FEMALE. 

Head:  Medium  size. 

Beak:  Short,  well  curved. 

Nostrils:  Large. 

Eyes:  Oval. 

Comb  and  Crest:  Comb,  very  small,  having  two  spikes,  V-shaped. 
Crest,  large,  globular  and  compact. 

Beard:  Very  full,  joining  whiskers  and  extending  to  crest. 

Wattles  and  Ear- Lobes:  Wattles,  small,  round.  Ear-lobes,  small, 
round,  concealed  by  crest  and  whiskers. 

Neck:  Short,  arched,  carried  well  back. 

Wings:  Large,  carried  low. 

Back:  Long  and  straight. 

Tail:  Large,  well  expanded,  rather  erect. 

Breast:  Deep  and  prominent. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  very  square,  compact,  carried  low. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  very  short,  well  feathered,  with  long,  full 
vulture-hocks;  shanks,  short,  heavily  feathered  down  outer  sides.  Toes, 
five  upon  each  foot,  straight,  outer  and  middle  toes  well  feathered. 

Size:  Hens  should  weigh  four  pounds. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Beak:  Slaty- blue. 
Eyes:  Reddish- bay. 

Comb  and  Face:  Comb,  bright  red.  Face,  bright  red,  but  covered 
by  whiskers  and  almost  invisible. 

Wattles  and  Ear-Lobes:  Bright  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Slaty-blue. 

Plumage:  Web,  quill  and  fluff  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


FRIZZLES. 

Disqualifications. 

Combs  other  than  single;  not  matching  in  combs,  in  color  of  legs  or 
in  color  of  plumage  when  shown  in  pan:;,  trio,''  or  pens;  wry  tails;  more  than 
four  toes.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

NO  SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

The  feathers  show  a  tendency  to  curve  backward  or  upward  at  the 
ends,  this  curving  at  the  ends  being  most  noticeable  in  the  hackle  and 
saddle  feathers,  but  the  more  all  of  the  feathers  are  curved  the  better. 
Feathers  curving  upward  on  neck  and  back  of  head,  after  the  style  of  the 
hood  in  hooded  pigeons,  to  be  encouraged. 

Color:  Solid;  black,  white,  red  and  bay  admissible,  provided  the 
birds  match  when  shown  in  pairs,  trios  and  pens. 

Comb:  Single. 


«8-i 


Class  XII. 


TURKEYS. 

Varieties 
Bronze 
Narragansett 
White 

Turkeys •!  Black 

Buff 
Slate 
Bourbon 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 4 

Weight. 


15 

Condition 4 

Head 5 

Throat  Wattle 5 

Neck  —  Shape  3,  Color  3 6 

Wings  —  Shape  4,  Color  8 12 

Back  —  Shape  4,  Color  6 10 

Tail  —  Shape 4,  Color8 12 

Breast  —  Shape  6,  Color  5 11 

BodyandFluff  —  Shape6,  Color  5 11 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  3,  Color  2 5 

loo 


285 


TURKEYS. 

The  turkey  male  should  be  large  in  frame  and  deep  in  body,  with  a 
broad,  round,  full  breast  that  varies  in  prominence  according  to  the  variety 
and  gives  the  fowl  a  stately  and  majestic  appearance.  The  head  should 
be  of  good  size,  and  the  eyes  possess  an  alert  and  bold  expression.  The 
legs  and  shanks  must  be  large,  straight,  and  well  set.  The  outlines  of  all 
sections  should  be  in  perfect  harmony. 

The  turkey  female  should  be  large  in  frame  and  deep  in  body,  with  a 
broad,  round,  full  breast,  being  similar  in  all  sections  to  the  male,  except 
finer  in  structure.  She,  too,  is  stately  in  appearance.  The  head  should 
be  of  good  size,  with  a  bright,  watchful  eye;  the  legs  and  shanks  large, 
straight  and  well  set,  the  outlines  of  each  section  conforming  to  those  of 
the  male,  except  in  size. 

SHAPE  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Head:  Long,  broad,  carunculated. 

Beak:  Strong,  curved,  well  set  in  head. 

Eyes:  Bright,  clear. 

Throat  Wattle:  Heavily  carunculated. 

Neck:  Long,  curving  backward  toward  tail. 

Beard:  Long,  bristly,  prominent. 

Wings:  Large,  powerful,  smoothly  folded,  carried  well  up  on 
sides. 

Back  :  Broad,  somewhat  curving,  rising  from  neck  and  descending  in 
graceful  curve  to  tail. 

Tail:  Rather  long. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  full,  well  rounded. 

Body:  Long,  deep  through  the  middle,  finely  rounded. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  long,  stout;  shanks,  large,  long,  strong. 
Toes,  straight,  strong. 


286 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  287 

BRONZE  TURKEYS. 

Disqualifications. 

White  feathers  in  any  part  of  plumage;  wings  showing  one  or  more 
primary  or  secondary  feathers  clear  black  or  brown,  or  absence  of  white  or 
gray  bars  more  than  one- half  the  length  of  primaries;  color  of  back,  tail 
or  tail-coverts  clear  black,  brown  or  gray;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry 
tail;  adult  cocks  weighing  less  than  30  pounds;  yearling  cocks  weighing  less 
than  25  pounds;  cockerels  weighing  less  than  18  pounds;  hens  weighing 
less  than  14  pounds;  pullets  weighing  less  than  10  pounds.  (See  general 
disqualifications.) 

Note.  The  following  defects  should  be  cut  severely.  Absence  of  one 
or  more  pirmary  or  secondary  wing  feathers.  Absence  of  one  or  more 
center  main  tail  feathers;  white  or  gray  bars  showing  on  main  tail 
feathers  beyond  coverts;  absence  of  black  bands  on  one  or  more  of  the 
large  main  tail  coverts;  decidedly  wry  wings;  decidedly  crooked  breast 
bone. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Cock 36  lbs.  Cockerel 2.3  lbs. 

Yearling  Cock 33  lbs.  Hen 20  lbs. 

Pullet lGlbs. 

When  two  specimens  are  both  over  Standard  weight  and  equal  in  all 
other  points,  the  one  nearest  Standard,  weight  shall  win. 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish-white. 

Beak:  Light  horn  at  tip,  dark  at  base. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 

Neck:  Light,  rich,  brilliant  bronze. 

Beard:  Black. 

Wings:  Bows,  light,  rich,  brilliant  bronze  ending  in  a  narrow  band 
of  black;  primaries,  each  feather  evenly  and  distinctly  barred  straight 
across  with  parallel  bars  of  black  and  white  throughout  the  length  of 
feather;  secondaries,  dull  black,  evenly  and  regularly  barred  across  with 
parallel  bars  of  white,  the  more  distinct  the  better,  the  color  changing  to  a 
bronze  brown  as  the  middle  of  back  is  approached,  and  the  white  bars 
become  less  distinct,  an  edging  of  brown  in  secondaries  being  very  objec- 
tionable; coverts,  a  beautiful,  rich  bronze,  forming  a  beautiful,  broad, 
bronze  band  across  wings  when  folded,  feathers  terminate  in  a  wide  black 
band  forming  a  glossy,  ribbon-like  mark  which  separates  them  from  pri- 
maries and  secondaries.     Flight  coverts,  barred  similar  to  primaries.   x 


288 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


BRONZE   TURKEY   MALE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


289 


BRONZE    TURKEY    FEMALE 


290  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Back:  From  neck  to  middle  of  back,  a  light,  rich,  brilliant  bronze, 
each  feather  terminating  in  a  very  narrow,  black  band  extending  across 
end;  from  middle  of  back  to  tail-coverts,  black,  each  feather  having 
a  brilliant  bronze  band  extending  across  it  near  the  end. 

Tail:  Dull  black,  each  feather  evenly  and  distinctly  marked  trans- 
versely with  parallel  lines  of  brown,  each  feather  having  a  wide,  black 
band  extending  across  it  near  the  end  (the  more  bronze  on  this  band  the 
better),  and  terminating  in  a  wide  edging  of  white.  Coverts,  dull  black, 
each  feather  evenly  and  distinctly  marked  transversely  with  parallel  lines  of 
brown,  each  feather  having  a  wide,  black  and  bronze  band  extending  across 
it  near  the  end,  and  terminating  in  a  wide  edging  of  white,  the  few  larger 
coverts  extending  well  out  on  tail,  having  little  bronze  on  them.  The 
more  distinct  the  colors  throughout  the  whole  plumage,  the  better. 

Breast:  Light,  rich,  brilliant  bronze,  feathers  on  lower  part  of  breast, 
approaching  the  body,  terminate  in  a  black  band  extending  across  the  end. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  black,  beautifully  shaded  with  bronze,  but 
not  so  decided  nor  so  rich  as  breast.  Fluff,  black,  each  feather  having  a 
wide,  brilliant  bronze  band  extending  across  it  near  the  end  and  ter- 
minating in  a  narrow  edging  of  white. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  similar  to  breast,  but  less  brilliant  in  shade; 
shanks  and  toes,  in  mature  birds,  pinkish;  in  young  birds,  dark,  approach- 
ing black. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Plumage,  similar  to  that  of  male,  except  an  edging  of  white  on  feathers 
of  back,  wing-bows,  wing-coverts,  breast  and  body,  which  edging  should 
be  narrow  in  front,  gradually  widening  as  it  approaches  the  rear.  Beak, 
eyes,  throat  wattle,  legs  and  toes  same  as  male. 


NARRAGANSETT  TURKEYS. 

D  isqualifications. 

Buff  or  slate-colored  feathers  in  any  part  of  plumage;  crooked  back; 
decidedly  wry  tail;  cocks  weighing  less  than  22  pounds;  hens  weighing  less 
than  14  pounds.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 30  lbs.  Hen 18  lbs. 

Cockerel 20  lbs.  Pullet 12  lbs. 

Yearling  Cock 25  lbs. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  291 

COLOR  OF  MALE. 

Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 

Beak:  Light  horn. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish-white. 

Neck:  Upper  part,  black,  each  feather  ending  in  a  broad,  steel-gray 
band.  Lower  part,  black,  each  feather  ending  in  a  broad,  steel-gray  band, 
edged  with  black,  the  edging  of  black  increasing  as  the  body  is  approached. 

Beard:  Black. 

WlNQS:  Bows,  metallic  black,  each  feather  ending  with  a  band  of 
steel-gray,  edged  with  metallic  black:  primaries,  each  feather  evenly  and 
distinctly  barred  across  with  parallel  bars  of  black  and  white;  secondaries, 
marked  similar  to  those  of  primaries,  but  less  distinct  and  approaching  a 
light  gray;  coverts,  inside  web,  black  or  dark  brown;  outside  web.  a  light 
steel-gray,  approaching  white,  terminating  in  a  metallic  black  band,  form- 
ing a  wide,  steel-gray  band  across  the  wing  when  folded. 

Back:  Rich,  metallic  black:  saddle,  black,  each  feather  ending  in  a 
broad,  steel-gray  band,  approaching  white;  the  light  band  increasing  as 
the  tail-coverts  are  approached. 

Tail:  Dull  black,  each  feather  regularly  penciled  with  parallel  lines 
of  light  brown,  ending  in  a  broad  band  of  metallic  black,  edged  with  steel- 
gray,  approaching  white:  coverts,  dull  black,  each  feather  regularly  penciled 
with  parallel  lines  of  light  brown,  ending  in  a  band  of  metallic  black,  with 
a  wide  edging  of  light  steel-gray  approaching  white. 

Breast:  Metallic  black,  each  feather  ending  in  a  broad,  light,  steel- 
gray  band,  edged  with  black. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  metallic  black,  each  feather  ending  in  a 
broad,  light,  steel-gray  band,  edged  with  black. 

Legs  axd  Toes:  Thighs,  rich  metallic  black,  each  feather  ending  in 
a  light,  steel-gray  band,  edged  with  black:  shanks  and  toes,  deep  salmon. 

COLOR  OF  FEMALE. 

Plumage:  Similar  to  that  of  male,  except  back  shall  be  metallic 
black,  each  feather  ending  in  a  broad  band  of  light  steel-gray  approaching 
white;  the  color  of  the  other  sections  being  not  so  distinct  as  in  the  male, 
and  the  feathers  terminating  in  an  edging  of  lighter  gray,  approaching 
white. 


292  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

WHITE  HOLLAND  TURKEYS. 

Disqualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  crooked  back; 
decidedly  wry  tail;  color  of  legs  other  than  white  or  pinkish- white;  cocks 
weighing  less  than  20  pounds;  hens  weighing  less  than  12  pounds.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 28  lbs.  Hen 18  lbs. 

Cockerel 20  lbs.  Pullet 14  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 
Beak:  Pinkish,  or  flesh. 
Eyes:  Dark   brown. 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish-white. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  White,  or  pinkish- white. 

Plumage:  Web,  quill  and  fluff  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white, 
except  beard  in  male,  which  is  deep  black. 

BLACK  TURKEYS. 

Disqualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  black  in  any  part  of  plumage;  crooked  back; 
decidedly  wry  tail;  cocks  weighing  less  than  20  pounds;  hens  weighing  less 
than  12  pounds.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 27  lbs.  Hen 18  lbs. 

Cockerel 18  lbs.  Pullet 12  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 

Beak:  Dark  horn,  or  slaty-black. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Dark  lead,  or  slaty-black. 

Plumage:  Surface,  lustrous,  greenish-black  throughout. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  293 

BUFF  TURKEYS. 

D  isqualificat  ions. 

Crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail;  cocks  weighing  less  than  18  pounds; 
hens  weighing  less  than  12  pounds.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 27  lbs.  Hen 18  lbs. 

Cockerel 18  lbs.  Pullet 12  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish-white. 

Beak:  Bluish-white. 

Eyes:  Dark  hazel. 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish-white. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Bluish- white,  or  flesh-color. 

Plumage  :  Pure  buff,  the  wings  being  of  a  very  light  shade. 


SLATE  TURKEYS. 

D  isqualificat  ions. 

Feathers  other  than  slaty  or  ashy-blue  (which  may  be  dotted  with 
black)  in  any  part  of  plumage;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail;  cocks 
weighing  less  than  18  pounds;  hens  weighing  less  than  12  pounds.  (See 
general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 27  lbs.  Hen 18  lbs. 

Cockerel 18  lbs.  Pullet 12  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 

Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 
Beak:  Light  blue,  dark  blue,  or  horn. 
Eyes:  Dark  hazel.  ^ 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish-white. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Light,  or  dark  blue. 

Plumage:  Slaty,  or  ashy-blue,  sometimes  dotted  with  black,  but  the 
freer  from  dotting  the  better. 


294  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BOURBON  RED  TURKEYS. 

i 

From  the  most  available  authority  to  be  found,  the  Bourbon  Red 
Turkeys  are  an  early  native  of  Bourbon  County,  Kentucky,  and  are  bred 
up  from  what,  in  early  days,  was  called  the  Wild  Yellow  Turkey. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Cock 30  lbs.  Hen 18  lbs. 

Cockerel 22  lbs.  Pullet. 14  lbs. 

COLOR  OF  MALE  AND  FEMALE. 
Head:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 
Beak:  Light  horn  at  the  tip,  darker  at  the  base. 
Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Throat  Wattle:  Rich  red,  changeable  to  bluish- white. 
Neck:  Deep   brownish-red. 

Wings:  Bows,  deep  brownish-red;  primaries  and  secondaries,  white. 
Back:  Deep  brownish-red. 
Tail:  White. 

Breast:  Deep  brownish-red. 

Body  and  Fluff:  Body,  deep  brownish-red;  fluff,  brownish  red. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  deep  brownish-red.     Shanks  and  toes, 
reddish-pink. 


(lass  XIII. 

DUCKS. 

Breeds  Varieties 

Pekin White 

Aylesbury White 

Rouen Colored 

Cayuga Black 

CALL {white 

East  India Black 

Crested White 

Muscovy j  ^ored 

(  White 

Indian  Runner 

Swedish Blue 

SCALE  OF  POINTS  FOR  ALL  DUCKS  EXCEPT  INDIAN 
RUNNER  AND  CRESTED  WHITE. 

Symmetry 5 

WTeight* 18 

Condition 6 

Head 4 

Beak 4 

Eyes 4 

Neck 5 

Wings 5 

Back 12 

Tail 3 

Breast 1J 

Body 15 

Legs  and  Toes j * 

100 

*For  weight,  read,  "  sinallness  of  size"  in  applying  the  scale  to  Call  and  East  Indian  Ducks. 


295 


DUCKS. 

The  most  popular  ducks  are  those  whose  size  gives  them  a  marketable 
value  as  table  poultry.  The  male  and  female  Pekin,  Aylesbury,  Rouen 
and  Cayuga  Ducks  should  be  large,  long  and  broad  in  body,  full  in  breast, 
with  deep,  well-set  keels  and  all  sections  finely  rounded,  giving  them  a 
finished,  plump  appearance.  The  nearer  they  are  bred  to  Standard 
weights  the  better.  The  head  should  be  large,  the  bill  broad  and  long  on 
upper  line,  and  the  eyes  bright.  The  neck  should  be  of  good  length  and 
well  arched. 

The  body  of  White  and  Colored  Muscovys  should  be  long,  broad  and 
deep;  the  tail  of  good  length,  carried  nearly  horizontal;  wings,  large,  long 
and  powerful;  shanks  and  feet  short  and  large;  head  of  good  size,  the  top 
covered  with  crest-like  feathers  which  are  elevated  under  excitement. 
The  sides  of  face  should  be  covered  with  caruncles  —  the  larger  the  better. 
The  male  in  both  varieties  is  fully  one-third  larger  than  the  female. 

East  India  and  Call  Ducks  —  the  bantams  of  the  duck  family  — • 
should  be  small  in  size,  both  male  and  female  —  the  smaller  the  better. 
The  body  should  be  short,  well  rounded  and  carried  nearly  horizontal. 
The  head  is  small,  the  bill  short  and  concave,  and  the  neck  short  and 
slender. 

The  Crested  Whites  have  the  general  characteristics  of  the  Pekins, 
except  that  they  possess  crests  and  are  one  pound  lighter  in  weight. 


PEKIN  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Bill  or  bean  of  drake  marked  with  black;  feathers  other  than  white  or 
creamy  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  de- 
cidedly wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 9  lbs.  Adult  Duck 8  lbs. 

Young  Drake 8  lbs.  Young  Duck 7  lbs. 

296 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  297 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Long,  finely  formed. 

Bill:  Of  medium  size,  slightly  convex  between  juncture  with  head 
and  extremity  of  bill. 

Eyes:  Large,  deep  set. 

Neck:  In  drake,  rather  long  and  large;  in  duck,  of  medium  length; 
in  both,  carried  well  forward,  arched. 

Wings:  Short,  carried  closely  and  smoothly  against  sides. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  with  slightly  concave  sweep  from  shoulder  to 
tail. 

Tail:  Rather  erect,  the  curled  feathers  of  drake  being  hard  and  stiff. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep,  prominent. 

Body:  Long,  broad,  carried  just  clear  of  ground. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs  and  shanks,  short,  large,  set  well  back. 
Toes,  straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body  :  Elevated  in  front,  sloping  downward  toward  rear. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Bill:  Orange-yellow,  free  from  black. 
Eyes:  Deep  leaden-blue. 
Shanks  and  Toes:  Reddish-orange. 
Plumage:  Creamy  white. 

AYLESBURY  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Bill  or  bean  of  drake  marked  with  black;  feathers  other  than  pure 
white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry 
tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 9  lbs.  Adult  Duck 8  lbs. 

Young  Drake 8  lbs.  Young  Duck 7  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Large,  long,  finely  formed. 

Bill:  Long,  broad;  outline  nearly  straight  from  top  of  head  to  tip 
of  bill. 

Eyes:  Full,  deep  set. 

Neck:  Long,  moderately  thick,  slightly  curved. 

Wings:  Strong,  carried  closely  and  smoothly  against  sides. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  straight  on  top. 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


PEKIN    DRAKE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  299 


PEKIN    DUCK 


300  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Tail:  Only  slightly  elevated;  composed  of  stiff,  hard  feathers;  sex 
feathers  of  drake,  hard,  well  curled. 

Breast:  Deep,  prominent. 

Body:  Long,  deep,  broad;  keel,  straight. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  stout;  shanks,  stout,  strong.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Bill:  Pale  flesh-color,  free  from  black  or  dark  marks. 

Eyes:  Deep  leaden. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Bright,  light  orange. 

Plumage  :  Web,  quill  and  fluff  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


ROUEN  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Bills  clear  yellow,  dark  green,  blue  or  lead  color;  any  approach  to 
white  ring  on  neck  of  duck;  white  in  primaries  or  secondaries;  twisted 
wing;  crooked  back,  decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 9  lbs.  Adult  Duck 8  lbs. 

Young  Drake 8  lbs.  Young  Duck 7  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head  :  Full  and  round. 

Bill:  Long,  broad,  wider  at  extremity  than  at  base;  top  slightly 
depressed  from  crown  of  head  to  tip  of  bill. 

Eyes:  Bold,  bright. 

Neck:  Long,  tapering,  curved,  erect. 

Wings:  Short,  carried  smoothly  against  sides. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  slightly  arched. 

Tail:  Only  slightly  elevated;  composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers;  sex 
feathers,  hard,  well  curled. 

Breast;  Broad,  deep. 

Body-  Long,  deep,  broad;  keek  long,  straight. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  large;  shanks,  short,  large.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  301 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE. 

Head:  Rich,  lustrous  green. 

Bill:  Greenish-yellow,  without  any  other  shade,  except  black  bean 
at  tip. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Neck:  Rich,  lustrous  green,  with  a  distinct  white  ring  on  the  lower 
part,  not  quite  meeting  at  back. 

Wings:  Flights,  slaty- black  and  brown,  free  from  white;  coverts,  pale, 
clear  gray;  small  coverts,  gray,  clearly  penciled;  pinion  coverts,  dark  gray 
to  slaty-black;  bars  formed  by  a  line  of  white  in  center  of  small  coverts 
which  should  be  gray  tipped  with  black,  coming  to  a  line  at  base  of  flight 
coverts  which  should  be  slaty-black  above  the  quill,  and  a  rich,  iridescent 
blue  below,  tipped  with  white  at  end  of  lower  side,  making  two  distinct 
white  bars  (the  pinion  bar  being  edged  with  black),  with  a  distinct  blue, 
ribbon -like  mark  between  them. 

Back:  Upper  part,  ashy-gray,  mixed  with  green,  becoming  a  rich 
lustrous  green  on  lower  part  of  rump;  shoulders,  gray,  finely  streaked  with 
wavy  brown  lines. 

Tail:  Dark,  ashy-brown,  outer  web  in  old  birds  edged  with  white; 
coverts,  black,  showing  very  rich,  purple  reflections;  tail  well  supplied  on 
under  side  with  solid,  beetle-green  feathers. 

Breast:  Very  rich  purplish-brown  or  claret,  extending  well  down  on 
breast  and  free  from  any  other  color. 

Body:  Under  part,  steel-gray;  sides,  steel-gray,  very  finely  penciled 
across  the  feathers  with  glossy  black,  growing  lighter  near  the  vent  and 
ending  in  solid  greenish-black,  forming  a  distinct  line  of  separation  between 
the  two  colors. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  ashy-gray;  shanks  and  toes,  orange,  with 
brownish  tinge. 

COLOR  OF  DUCK. 

Head  :  Deep  brown,  with  two  light  tan  stripes  on  each  side,  running 
from  bill  to  point  behind  eyes. 

Bill:  Brownish-orange,  with  dark  blue  blotch  on  upper  part  and 
black  bean  at  tip. 

Eyes  :  Dark  brown. 

Neck:  Golden  brown,  penciled  with  dark  lustrous  brown,  free  from 
any  appearance  of  a  white  ring. 

Wings:  Flat  of  wing,  light  brown,  with  distinct  pencilings  of  rich, 
greenish-brown;  wing-bar,  rich,  brilliant  purple,  each  end  of  bar  banded 
with  white;  secondaries,  dark  brown,  with  distinct  pencilings  that  conform 
to  shape  of  feather. 

Back:  Rich,  golden  brown,  richly  marked  with  wide  pencilings  of 


302  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


ROUEN    DRAKE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


303 


ROUEN    DUCK 


304  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

greenish-black;  shoulder  coverts,  dark  brown  with  distinct  pencilings  of 
light  brown  that  conform  to  shape  of  feather. 

Tail:  Golden  brown,  with  distinct,  broad,  wavy  penciling  of  dark 
greenish- bro wn ;  coverts,  brown,  with  broad,  distinct  and  regular  pencilings 
of  greenish-brown. 

Beeast:  Rich,  golden  brown,  with  distinct  wide  pencilings  of  light 
brown  that  conform  to  shape  of  feather. 

Body:  Under  part,  light  brown,  each  feather  distinctly  penciled  with 
rich,  dark  brown,  to  point  of  tail;  sides,  dark  brown,  with  distinct  pencilings 
of  light  brown  that  conform  to  shape  of  feather. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  dark  brown,  distinctly  penciled;  shanks 
and  toes,  orange  or  orange-brown. 

CAYUGA  DUCKS. 

D  isqualifications. 
White  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly 
wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 8  lbs.  Adult  Duck 7  lbs. 

Young  Drake 7  lbs.  Young  Duck 6  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Long,  finely  formed. 

Bill:  Long,  top  line  slightly  depressed. 

Eyes:  Full. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  slightly  arched. 

Wings:  Short,  folded  closely  and  smoothly  against  sides. 

Back:  Long,  broad. 

Tail:  Only  slightly  elevated;  composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers;  sex 
feathers  of  drake,  hard,  well  curled. 

Breast:  Broad,  full,  prominent. 

Body:  Long,  deep,  broad. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  large;  shanks,  of  medium  length 
and  size.     Toes,  straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 
Bill:  Black. 
Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Dark  slate  or  black,  the  latter  preferred. 
Plumage:  Lustrous  greenish-black  throughout,  except  primaries  of 
duck,  which  are  sometimes  dark  brown. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  305 

CALL   DUCKS. 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Small,  slender. 

Bill:  Short,  trim. 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size,  bright. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length. 

Wings:  Neat,  closely  folded. 

Back:  Comparatively  short. 

Tail:  Only  slightly  elevated;  composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers:  sex 
feathers  of  drake,  well  curled. 

Breast:  Round,  full. 

Body:  Short,  compact,  small  —  the  smaller  the  better. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  plump;  shanks,  short.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal,  possessing  a  startled  and 
gamy  appearance. 

GRAY   CALL  DUCKS. 

D  isq  ualifications. 

Any  approach  to  white  ring  on  neck  of  duck;  white  primaries  in  either 
sex;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.  (See  general  dis- 
qualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE. 

Head:  Rich,  lustrous  green. 

Bill:  Greenish-yellow. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Neck:  Lustrous  green,  with  a  distinct  white  ring  on  lower  part,  not 
quite  meeting  at  back. 

Wings:  Grayish-brown,  mixed  with  green,  with  broad,  ribbon-like 
mark  of  rich  purple  —  showing  metallic  reflections  of  green  and  blue  — 
edged  with  white,  the  two  colors  quite  distinct;  primaries,  dark  dusky 
brown. 

Back:  Ashy-gray,  mixed  with  green  on  upper  part;  on  lower  part  and 
rump,  rich,  lustrous  green. 

Tail:  Dark  ashy-brown;  outer  web  in  old  birds  edged  with  white: 
tail-coverts,  black,  showing  very  rich  purple  reflections. 

Breast:  Rich  purplish-brown  or  claret,  extending  well  down  on 
breast  and  free  from  any  other  color. 

Body:  Under  part  and  sides,  steel-gray,  growing  lighter  near  vent 
and  ending  in  solid,  beetle-green  black,  forming  distinct  line  of  separation 
between  the  two  colors. 


306  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  ashy-gray;  shanks  and  toes,  orange,  with  a 
brownish  tinge. 

COLOR  OF  DUCK. 

Head  :  Deep  brown,  with  two  light  tan  stripes  on  each  side,  running 
from  bill  behind  eyes. 

Bill.:  Brownish-orange. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Neck:  Light  brown,  penciled  with  dark,  lustrous  brown,  free  from 
any  appearance  of  a  white  ring. 

Wings:  Light  brown,  mixed  with  green,  with  broad,  ribbon-like  bars 
of  rich  purple  across  them,  edged  with  white,  the  two  colors  distinct; 
primaries,  brown. 

Back:  Light  brown,  richly  marked  with  green. 

Tail:  Light  brown,  with  distinct,  broad,  wavy  penciling  of  dark 
greenish-brown ;  tail-coverts,  brown,  with  broad,  distinct  and  regular  pen- 
ciling of  dark  brown  or  greenish-brown. 

Breast:  Dark  brown,  richly  penciled  with  lighter  brown. 

Body:  Under  part  and  sides,  light  brown,  each  feather  distinctly  pen- 
ciled with  rich,  dark  brown  to  point  of  tail. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  dark  brown,  distinctly  penciled;  shanks 
and  toes,  orange,  or  orange-brown. 


WHITE   CALL  DUCKS. 

,  Disqualifications. 

Bill  or  bean  of  drake  marked  with  black;  feathers  other  than  white 
or  creamy  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  de- 
cidedly wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Bill:  Bright  yellow. 

Eyes:  Blue. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Bright  orange. 

Plumage:  Web,  quill  and  fluff  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  307 

BLACK  EAST  INDIA  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

White  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly 
wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Short,  slender. 

Bill:  Rather  short. 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size. 

Neck:  Short,  nicely  arched. 

Wings:  Long,  well  folded. 

Back:  Of  medium  width,  rather  long. 

Tail:  Slightly  elevated,  composed  of  short,  stiff  feathers;  sex  feathers 
of  drake,  well  curled. 

Breast:  Full,  plump. 

Body:  Long,  comparatively  small  —  the  smaller  the  better. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  plump;  shanks,  short.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal,  possessing  a  gamy  appear- 
ance. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Bill:  Drake,  very  dark  green;  duck,  black. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Black. 

Plumage:  Rich  black,  with  brilliant,  greenish  tint. 

CRESTED  WHITE  DUCKS. 

Disqualificat  ions. 

Absence  of  crest;  bill  of  drake  marked  with  black;  feathers  other  than 
white  or  creamy  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back; 
decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 7  lbs.  Adult  Duck 6  lbs. 

Young  Drake 6  lbs.  Young  Duck 5  lbs. 


308  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 5 

Weight 12 

Condition 10 

Head  4,  Beak  4,  Size  4 12 

Crest 15 

Neck 8 

Wings 3 

Back 12 

Tail 4 

Breast 12 

Body 5 

Legs  and  Toes 2 

100 
SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head  :  Of  medium  size. 

Bill:  Of  medium  size. 

Eyes:  Large,  bright. 

Crest:  Large,  well  balanced  on  crown  of  head. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  slightly  arched. 

Wings:  Of  medium  length,  smoothly  folded. 

Back:  Of  medium  length  and  width. 

Tail:  Only  slightly  elevated;  composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers;  sex 
feathers  of  drake,  well  curled. 

Breast:  Prominent,  full. 

Body:  Of  medium  length,  plump. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  plump;  shanks,  short.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Bill:  Yellow. 

Eyes:  Blue. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Light  orange. 

Plumage:  Web,  quill  and  fluff  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


STAXDARD  OF  PERFECTION  309 

MUSCOVY  DUCKS. 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 10  lbs.  Adult  Duck 7  lbs. 

Young  Drake 8  lbs.  Young  Duck 0  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Rather  long;  in  drake,  large,  the  top  covered  with  long,  crest- 
like feathers,  which  are  elevated  or  depressed  by  the  bird  when  it  becomes 
excited  or  alarmed;  sides  of  head  and  face  covered  with  caruncles  —  the 
larger  the  better. 

Bill:  Rather  short,  of  medium  width. 

Eyes:  Of  medium  size,  having  slightly  over-arched  socket. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  well  arched. 

Wings:  Very  long,  stout. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  somewhat  flat. 

Tail:  Rather  long,  with  abundance  of  stiff  plumage. 

Breast:  Broad,  full. 

Body:  Long,  broad. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  very  short,  large;  shanks,  short,  large. 
Toes,  straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal. 

COLORED  MUSCOVY  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Plumage  more  than  one-half  white;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  de- 
cidedly wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Glossy  black  and  white. 

Bill:  Pink,  shaded  with  horn. 

Eyes:  Brown. 

Face:  Caruncles,  red. 

Neck:  Black,  or  black  and  white,  black  predominating. 

Wings:  Coverts,  rich,  lustrous  greenish-black. 

Back:  Lustrous  blue-black,  sometimes  broken  with  white  feathers. 

Tail:  Black. 

Breast  and  Body:  Lustrous  blue-black,  sometimes  broken  with 
white;  the  blacker  the  plumage  the  better. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  white  or  black,  white  preferred;  shanks 
and  toes,  varying  from  yellow  to  dark  lead. 


310  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

WHITE  MUSCOVY  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Smooth  heads;  feathers  other  than  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage; 
twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.  (See  general  disquali- 
fications.) 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Bill:  Pinkish  flesh-color. 

Eyes:  Blue. 

Face:  Caruncles,  red. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Pale  orange  or  yellow. 

Plumage:  Web,  quill  and  fluff  of  feathers  in  all  sections,  pure  white. 


INDIAN  RUNNER  DUCKS. 

D  isqualifications. 

Claret  breast;  blue  wing- bars;  absence  of  two  or  more  primaries  or 
secondaries;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.  (See  genera] 
disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 
Drake 4£  lbs.  Duck 4  lbs 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Carriage 20 

Weight 5 

Condition 6 

Head  —  Shape  4,  Color  3 7 

Beak  — ■  Shape  3,  Color  2 5 

Eyes 3 

Neck  —  Shape  8.  Color  4 12 

Wings  —  Shape 3,  Color3 6 

Back  —  Shape  7,  Color  3 10 

Tail  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 4 

Breast  —  Shape  7,  Color  3 10 

Body  —  Shape  5,  Color  3 8 

Legs  and  Toes  —  Shape  2,  Color  2 : 4 

100 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  311 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Long,  flat,  finely  formed. 

Bill:  Strong  at  base,  fairly  broad  and  long,  extending  down  from  the 
skull  in  a  straight  line,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  a  long  wedge. 

Eyes:  Set  high  in  head. 

Neck:  Long,  thin. 

Wings:  Of  medium  length,  carried  closely  to  body. 

Back:  Long,  narrow. 

Tail:  Composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers;  sex  feathers  of  drake,  hard, 
well  curled. 

Breast:  Full,  but  not  rounded,  showing  but  little  suggestion  of  keel. 
Carried  well  up. 

Body:  Long,  narrow,  racy-looking,  carried  erectly,  with  no  indication 
of  keel,  resembling  the  penguin  in  form. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Legs,  of  medium  length,  set  well  apart.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Very  erect. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Fawn  and  white,  the  fawn  in  head  of  drake  darker  than  in 
other  parts  of  the  body.  A  narrow  line  of  white  divides  the  cap  from  the 
cheek  markings  behind  the  eyes,  and  a  line  of  white  about  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  wide  divides  the  base  of  the  bill  from  the  head  markings. 

Bill:  Drake,  yellow,  when  young;  greenish-yellow  when  fully  de- 
veloped. Duck,  yellow,  spotted  with  green  when  young,  a  dull  cucumber- 
green  when  fully  matured,  with  black  bean  in  both  drake  and  duck. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Neck:  White,  from  head  to  where  breast  markings  begin,  which 
should  be  about  one  and  one-half  to  two  inches  above  base  of  neck. 

Wings:  Shoulder,  and  top  part  of  wings,  same  as  breast.  Primaries 
and  secondaries,  white.  The  white  of  the  primaries  and  secondaries 
should  extend  up  the  lower  edge  of  the  wings  to  a  point  a  little  above  the 
white  of  the  lower  part  of  the  body,  forming  an  inverted  V-shaped  marking 
on  each  side  of  the  body.  The  fawn  on  the  shoulder,  top  part  of  wings, 
when  the  wings  are  folded,  comes  to  a  point  on  the  lower  part  of  the  back, 
forming  a  heart  shape,  like  a  heart  pressed  flat  on  the  back. 

Back:  Even  fawn  throughout. 

Tail:  Drake,  bronze-green;  duck,  light  fawn. 

Breast:  Fawn  and  white,  divided  about  half  way  between  point  of 
breast-bone  and  legs;  upper  half,  fawn,  lower  part,  white. 

Body  and  Fluff:  White,  except  an  indistinct  line  of  color  which  runs 
from  base  of  tail  to  thigh. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Orange  red. 


312  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


INDIAN    RUNNER    DRAKE 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


313 


INDIAN    RUNNER    DUCK 


314  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

BLUE  SWEDISH  DUCKS. 

Disqualifications. 

Yellow  bills;  absence  of  white  in  breast ;  feathers  of  any  other  color  than 
blue  forming  more  than  one-fourth  of  plumage;  twisted  wing;  crooked 
back;  decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Drake 8    lbs.  Adult  Duck 7    lbs. 

Young  Drake 6j  lbs.  Young  Duck 5§  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Long,  finely  formed. 

Bill:  Of  medium  size,  nearly  straight  in  outline  when  viewed  side- 
wise. 

Eyes:  Full,  bright. 

Neck:  Long,  slightly  arched. 

Wings:  Short,  carried  closely. 

Back:  Long,  broad,  with  slight  concave  sweep  from  shoulders  to  tail. 

Tail:  Slightly  elevated;  curled  feathers  in  tail  of  drake. 

Breast:  Full,  deep. 

Body:  Broad,  of  medium  length,  rangy. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  stout;  shanks,  stout.  Toes,  straight, 
connected  by  web. 

Carriage  of  Body:  Nearly  horizontal;  somewhat  elevated  in  front. 

COLOR  OF  DRAKE  AND  DUCK. 

Head:  Drake,  dark  blue,  sometimes  approaching  black,  with  a  green 
sheen.     Duck,  same  as  general  body  color. 

Bill:  Drake,  greenish-blue.  Duck,  smutty  brown,  with  a  dark 
brown  blotch,  similar  to  Rouen  Duck  blotch,  only  larger. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Wings:  Two  main  flight  feathers,  pure  white;  balance  of  wing  uniform 
with  general  plumage. 

Breast:  Front  part,  called  the  bib,  covered  with  pure  white  feathers, 
forming  heart-shaped  spot  about  three  by  four  inches  in  size,  often  ex- 
tending upward  to  lower  mandible. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Reddish-brown  to  grayish-black,  the  former 
preferred. 

Plumage:  Uniform  steel-blue  throughout,  except  as  noted  above. 


Class  XIV. 

GEESE. 
Breeds  Varieties 

Toulouse Gray 

Embden White 

African Gray 

^  \  Brown 

CmNESE |  White 

Wild  or  Canadian  Gray 

Egyptian Coloied 


315 


GEESE 

The  male  of  the  Toulouse,  Embden  and  African  varieties  —  the 
heavy  weights  of  the  goose  family  —  should  be  broad  and  flat  in  back,  with 
deep,  round,  full  breast  and  long  body,  these  features  giving  the  bird  a 
massive  appearance.  The  head  should  be  large,  the  neck  of  good  length 
and  slightly  arched,  and  the  bird  well  balanced  in  carriage.  The  female 
should  resemble  the  male,  except  that  she  is  somewhat  less  massive. 

Chinese  Geese  are  an  ornamental  variety  of  medium  size,  with  long, 
arched  necks,  carried  very  upright,  and  having  a  large  knob  at  base  of  the 
beak.  In  body,  they  are  short  and  upright,  the  general  effect  being  novel 
and  striking. 

Wild  or  Canadian  Geese,  now  domesticated,  are  seen  most  frequently 
in  public  parks.  They  are  of  medium  size,  with  long,  arched,  snake-like 
necks,  and  have  small  heads,  carried  well  elevated,  which  give  them  a  bold 
and  defiant  appearance. 

In  Egyptian  Geese  the  sexes  are  nearly  alike  in  color,  shape  and  gen- 
eral appearance.  They  are  decidedly  odd  members  of  the  goose  family, 
being  very  different  in  most  respects  from  the  other  Standard  varieties  of 
geese.  Some  writers  have  gone  so  far  as  to  separate  them  from  the  goose 
tribe.  Striking  characteristics  are  their  small  size  and  pugnacious  dis- 
position. 

SCALE  OF  POINTS. 

Symmetry 8 

Weight 20 

Condition 8 

Head 10 

Neck 7 

Wings 7 

Back 10 

Tail 3 

Breast 12 

Body 12 

Legs  and  Toes S 

100 


316 


STAXDARD  OF  PERFECTION  317 

TOULOUSE   GEESE. 

D  isqualificat  ion  s. 

White  feathers  in  primaries  or  secondaries;  twisted  wing;  crooked 
back;  decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STAXDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Gander 25  lbs.  Adult  Goose 20  lbs. 

Young  Gander 20  lbs.  Young  Goose 10  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Rather  large,  short. 

Bill:  Comparatively  short,  stout  at  base. 

Eyes:  Large,  full. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  carried  rather  erect;  dewlap  very  desirable 
in  aged  fowls. 

Wings:  Large,  strong,  smoothly  folded  against  sides. 

Back:  Of  moderate  length,  broad,  curving  slightly  from  neck  to  tail. 

Tail:  Comparatively  short;  feathers,  hard,  stiff. 

Breast:  Broad,  deep. 

Body:  Of  good  length,  broad,  very  deep,  compact,  in  fat  specimens 
almost  touching  the  ground.  Keel  deep  with  straight  line  from  breast  to 
abdomen;  stern,  almost  square. 

Legs^  and  Toes:  Thighs  and  shanks,  short,  stout.  Toes,  straight, 
connected  by  web. 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Gray. 

Bill:  Pale  orange. 

Eyes:  Dark  brown  or  hazel. 

Neck:  Dark  blue-gray,  shading  to  lighter  gray  as  it  approaches  the 
back. 

Wings:  Primaries,  dark  gray  or  brown;  secondaries,  darker  than  pri- 
maries, with  very  narrow  edging  of  lighter  gray;  coverts  and  flat  of  wing, 
dark  gray,  with  very  narrow  edging  of  lighter  gray. 

Back:  Dark  gray. 

Tail:  Gray  and  white,  the  ends  tipped  with  white. 

Breast:  Light  gray,  edged  with  white. 

Body:  Underneath,  light  grav,  growing  lighter  until  it  becomes  almost 
white  upon  abdomen,  the  white  extending  back  to  and  around  tail;  sides, 
light  gray,  becoming  dark  blue-gray  over  thighs,  edged  with  lighter  gray; 


318 


AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


TOULOUSE    GANDER 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


319 


TOULOUSE    GOOSE 


320  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

white  covering  all  lower  posterior  parts;  from  front  view  very  little  white 
visible. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  light  gray;  shanks  and  toes,  deep  reddish- 
orange. 

EMBDEN   GEESE. 

D  inq  ualifications. 

Feathers  other  than  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plumage;  twisted  wing; 
crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Gander 20  lbs.  Adult  Goose 18  lbs. 

Young  Gander 18  lbs.  Young  Goose 16  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Rather  large. 

Bill:  Of  medium  length  and  size,  stout  at  base. 

Eyes:  Large. 

Neck:  Rather  long,  carried  quite  upright. 

Wings:  Large,  well  rounded,  strong,  smoothly  folded  against  sides. 

Back:  Long  and  straight. 

Tail:  Comparatively  short;  feathers,  hard,  stiff. 

Breast:  Round,  deep,  full,  without  keel. 

Body:  Large,  square,  very  deep,  in  fat  specimens  almost  touching 
the  ground;  abdomen,  full  and  deep. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  large;  shanks,  short,  stout.  Toes, 
straight,  connected  by  web. 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Bill:  Orange. 

Eyes:  Bright  blue. 

Shanks  and  Toes  :  Deep  orange. 

Plumage:  Pure  white. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  321 

AFRICAN   GEESE. 

Disqualifications. 

Beak  and  knob  other  than  black;  absence  of  knob  or  dewlap;  white 
feathers  in  primaries  and  secondaries;  twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  de- 
cidedly wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS 

Adult  Gander 20  lbs.  Adult  Goose 18  lbs. 

Young  Gander 16  lbs.  Young  Goose. ..........    14  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Large,  with  large  knob;  heavy  dewlap  under  tliroat,  which  in 
young  birds  is  but  slightly  developed. 

Knob:  Large. 

Bill:  Rather  large,  stout  at  base. 

Eyes:  Large. 

Neck:  Long,  curved;  throat  embellished  with  dewlap. 

Wings:  Large,  strong,  smoothly  folded  against  sides. 

Back:  Broad,  flat. 

Tail:  Composed  of  stiff,  hard  feathers. 

Breast:  Round,  moderately  full. 

Body:  Large,  long,  carried  rather  upright. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  short,  stout;  shanks,  of  medium  length. 
Toes,  straight,  connected  by  web. 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Black  or  very  dark. gray. 
Knob:  Black. 
Bill:  Black. 
Eyes:  Dark  brown. 

Neck:  Light  gray,  with  a  dark  gray  stripe  down  back  of  neck  from 
head  to  body. 

Wings  :  Dark  gray. 

Back:  Dark  gray. 

Tail:  Dark  gray. 

Breast:  Gray. 

Body:  Light  gray  on  under  parts. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  light  gray;  shanks  and  toes,  dark  orange. 


322  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

CHINESE   GEESE. 

Disqualifications. 

Absence  of  knob;  white  feathers  in  primaries  or  secondaries;  twisted 
wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  disqualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Gander. 12  lbs.  Adult  Goose. ,   10  lbs. 

Young  Gander 10  lbs.  Young  Goose 8  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Of  medium  size,  with  large  knob  at  base  of  bill. 
Knob:,  Large,  the  larger  the  better. 
Bill:  Of  medium  length,  stout  at  base. 
Eyes:  Large,  bright. 

Neck:  Long,  gracefully  arched,  carried  very  upright. 
Wings:  Large,  strong,  smoothly  folded  against  sides. 
Back:  Of  medium  length  and  width,  slightly  arched  from  neck  to  tail. 
Tail:  Composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers. 
Breast:  Round,   full. 
Body:  Rather  short,  round,  plump. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  shorty  stout;  shanks,  of  medium  length. 
Toes,  straight,  connected  by  web. 

BROWN  CHINESE. 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Brown. 

Knob:  Dark  brown  or  black. 

Bill:  Black. 

Eyes:  Hazel  or  brown. 

Neck:  Light  brown  or  grayish-brown,  with  a  dull,  yellowish-brown 
stripe  down  back  of  neck  from  head  to  body. 

Wings:  Grayish-brown. 

Back:  Dark  brown. 

Tail*  Grayish-brown. 

Breast*  Grayish-brown. 

Body:  Grayish- brown,  lighter  in  shade  on  under  parts. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  grayish-brown;  shanks  and  toes,  dusky 
orange. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  323 

WHITE   CHINESE   GEESE. 

Disqualifications. 

Absence  of  knob;  feathers  other  than  pure  white  in  any  part  of  plum- 
age; twisted  wing;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.  (See  general  dis- 
qualifications.) 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Knob:  Orange. 

Bill:  Orange. 

Eyes:  Light  blue. 

Shanks  and  Toes:  Orange-yellow. 

Plumage:  Pure  white. 

WILD   OR   CANADIAN  GEESE. 

Disqualifications. 
Twisted  wing;  the  clipping  of  one  wing  to  prevent  flying  is  not  to 
handicap  specimen;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.     (See  general  dis- 
qualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Gander 12  lbs.  Adult  Goose 10  lbs. 

Young  Gander 10  lbs.  Young  Goose 8  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Rather  small. 
Bill:  Small,  tapering  toward  point. 
Eyes:  Prominent,  sharp,  bold. 
Neck:  Long,  slender,  snaky  in  appearance, 
Wings:  Long,  large,  powerful. 

Back:  Long,  rather  narrow,  arched  from  neck  to  tail. 
Tail:  Composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers. 
Breast:  Full,  deep. 
Body:  Rather  long,  somewhat  slender. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  rather  short;  shanks,  rather  long.  Toes, 
straight,  of  medium  length,  connected  by  web. 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Black,  with  a  white  stripe  nearly  covering  side  of  face. 

Bill:  Black. 

Eyes:  Black. 

Neck:  Black,  shading  to  light  gray  at  base. 


324  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 


WHITE    CHINESE    GANDER 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION 


325 


WHITE    CHINESE    GOOSE 


326  AMERICAN  POULTRY  ASSOCIATION 

Wings:  Dark  gray;  primaries,  dusky  black,  showing  only  dark  gray 
when  wing  is  folded;  secondaries,  brown,  lighter  than  primaries. 
Back:  Dark  gray. 
Tail:  Glossy  black. 

Breast:  Light  gray,  growing  darker  as  it  approaches  legs. 
Body:  Under  part  of  body,  from  legs  to  tail,  white. 
Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  gray;  shanks  and  toes,  black. 


EGYPTIAN   GEESE. 

D  ^qualifications. 

Twisted  wing;  the  clipping  of  one  wing  to  prevent  flying  is  not  to 
handicap  specimen;  crooked  back;  decidedly  wry  tail.  (See  general  dis- 
qualifications.) 

STANDARD  WEIGHTS. 

Adult  Gander 10  lbs.  Adult  Goose 8  lbs. 

Young  Gander 8  lbs.  Young  Goose 6  lbs. 

SHAPE  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Small,  rather  long. 

Bill:  Of  medium  length  and  size. 

Eyes:  Prominent,  bold. 

Neck:  Of  medium  length,  rather  small. 

Wings:  Large;  on  wing-joints,  in  lieu  of  the  ordinary  hard  knobs, 
there  are  strong,  white,  horny  spurs,  about  five-eighths  of  an  inch  long. 

Back:  Rather  narrow,  slightly  arched  from  neck  to  tail. 

Tail:  Composed  of  hard,  stiff  feathers. 

Breast:  Round,  not  deep. 

Body:  Rather  long,  somewhat  small  and  slender. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  of  medium  length,  stout;  shanks,  rather 
long.     Toes,  straight,  long,  connected  by  web. 

COLOR  OF  GANDER  AND  GOOSE. 

Head:  Black  and  gray,  with  chestnut  patch  around  eyes. 
Bill:  Purple  or  bluish-red. 
Eyes:  Orange. 
Neck:  Gray  and  black. 

Wings:  Shoulders,   white  with  narrow,  black  stripe  or  bar  of  rich 
metallic  luster;  primaries  and  secondaries,  glossy  black. 
Back:  Gray  and  black. 


STANDARD  OF  PERFECTION  327 

Tail:  Glossy  black. 

Breast:  Center,  chestnut;  remainder,  gray. 

Body:  Gray  and  black  on  upper  parts;  under  parts,  pale  buff  or 
yellow,  distinctly  and  regularly  penciled  with  black  lines. 

Legs  and  Toes:  Thighs,  pale  buff;  shanks  and  toes,  reddish-yellow. 


CONSTITUTION. 

ARTICLE  XI. 

New  Breeds  and  Varieties. 

Section  1.  Before  a  new  breed  or  variety  can  be  admitted  to  The 
American  Standard  of  Perfection  it  must  comply  with  the  following 
requirements,  to  wit: 

(a)  It  must  be  able  to  produce  fifty  per  cent  of  the  specimens  reason- 
ably true  to  the  type  and  characteristics  of  the  breed  or  variety,  as  set  forth 
in  the  proposed  Standard,  and  must  have  been  exhibited  in  at  least  two 
generations,  both  male  and  female,  at  "one  show  conducted  under  Ameri- 
can Poultry  Association  rules  in  each  of  three  successive  annual  show  sea- 
sons. A  written  statement  by  one  or  more  poultry  judges  who  are  mem- 
bers of  The  American  Poultry  Association,  and  who  officiated  at  these 
shows,  setting  forth  the  qualification  for  admission  to  the  Standard,  shall 
be  furnished  by  said  judge  to  the  Secretary-Treasurer  of  The  American 
Poultry  Association,  who  shall  forward  a  copy  of  the  same  to  the  exhibitor 
of  the  birds  concerned." 

(6)  If  application  is  made  for  admission  of  a  new  breed,  the  breed 
must  possess  such  new  breed  characteristics  as  to  give  it  a  very  distinct 
character  of  its  own,  and  if  application  is  made  for  the  admission  of  a 
new  variety,  the  variety  must  truly  possess  all  the  type  characteristics  of 
the  breed  of  which  it  is  a  variety.  Extraordinary  care  shall  be  exercised 
to  prevent  multiplicity  of  varieties. 

Section  2.  A  petition  addressed  to  The  American  Poultry  Asso- 
ciation shall  be  presented. 

(a)  This  petition  shall  contain  a  description  of  the  breed  or  variety 
seeking  admission,  together  with  all  ascertainable  facts  regarding  its  origin 
and  breeding,  and  a  prayer  for  its  admission. 

(b)  Affidavits  of  not  less  than  five  breeders  of  the  breed  or  variety 
shall  be  presented,  containing  statements  of  the  percentage  of  specimens 
breeding  reasonably  true  to  type  and  characteristics  of  the  breed  or  variety 
as  above  required. 

(c)  The  proposed  standard  for  the  breed  or  variety  shall  be  presented 
at  the  same  time  with  the  petition,  but  may  be  amended  by  the  petitioner 
or  the  association  before  the  admission  of  the  breed  or  variety.  This 
standard  shall  be  read  at  the  meeting  at  which  admission  of  the  breed  or 
variety  is  sought. 

((/)  At  least  ninety  (00)  days  prior  to  the  meeting  of  the  Association 

328 


CONSTITUTION  329 

at  which  admission  to  the  Standard  of  Perfection  is  sought  the  papers  re- 
quired in  the  application  shall  be  filed  with  the  Secretary-Treasurer,  who 
shall  give  to  all  members  of  the  Association  sixty  (60)  days'  notice  of  the 
pendency  of  such  application. 

Section  3.  If  upon  consideration  of  all  the  evidence,  the  Asso- 
ciation is  satisfied  that  the  breed  or  variety  is  worthy  of  recognition  in 
the  Standard  of  Perfection;  that  it  has,  in  fact,  the  qualities  and  character- 
istics set  forth  in  the  application;  that  all  claims  and  characteristics  set 
forth  in  the  application  are  justified,  and  that  all  requirements  for  its 
admission  have  been  complied  with,  a  majority  vote  of  the  members  present 
and  voting  by  written  ballot  shall  admit  the  breed  or  variety  to  the  Stand- 
ard of  Perfection. 

BY-LAWS. 

ARTICLE    IV. 

American  Poultry  Association's  Poultry  Show  Rules. 

The  following  rules  and  regulations  shall  be  printed  on  the  back  of 
each  entry  blank  used  by  Branch  and  Associate  Members  of  The  American 
Poultry  Association,  or  other  clubs  or  societies  whose  exhibitions  are  to 
be  held,  and  advertised  to  be  held,  under  the  poultry  show  rules  of  The 
American  Poultry  Association,  and  must  be  signed  in  ink  by  each  exhib- 
itor whose  entries  are  accepted: 

Section  1.  Any  person  under  disqualification  by  The  American 
Poultry  Association  for  fraudulent  practices  is  ineligible  to  compete  or 
judge  at  this  show.  Fraudulent  practices  shall  be  understood  to  include, 
among  other  dishonorable  acts,  the  lending,  borrowing  or  hiring  of  birds 
for  exhibition  in  competition;  also  "faking"  of  any  kind,  as  defined  in 
the  Glossary  of  Technical  Terms  in  The  American  Standard  of 
Perfection. 

Section  2.  Every  bird  entered  for  competition  must  be  the  bona 
fide  property  of  the  exhibitor;  otherwise  all  entries  of  the  exhibitor  shall 
be  cancelled,  he  shall  forfeit  all  entry  fees,  shall  receive  no  prize  money  or 
other  premium,  and  if  ordered  to  do  so,  must  remove  his  exhibit  from 
the  show  room  within  forty-eight  hours.  In  case  of  disqualification  under 
this  rule  other  exhibits  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  management,  be 
moved  up  in  the  list  of  winners,  subject  to  the  disqualified  exhibitor's 
right  of  appeal. 

Section  3.  Any  exhibitor  at  this  show,  if  called  upon  to  do  so  by  the 
management,  shall  make  affidavit  that  he  is  the  bona  fide  owner  of  every 
bird  entered  by  him  for  competition. 

Section  4  The  judge  or  judges  officiating  at  this  show  shall  dis- 
qualify any  exhibit  found  to  contain  a  specimen  entered  for  competition 
that  is  not  the  bona  fide  property  of  the  exhibitor,  or  that  has  been  faked. 

Section  5.     This  Association  reserves  the  right  to  return  entries,  thus 


330  BY-LAWS 

enabling  the  Secretary  to  exclude  the  exhibits  of  any  disqualified  person 
endeavoring  to  show  under  his  own  or  another's  name.  In  the  event  of  it 
coming  to  the  knowledge  of  the  management  that  any  disqualified  person 
is  exhibiting,  his  birds  shall  be  debarred  from  competition,  his  entries  can- 
celled, entry  fees  forfeited,  and  prize  money  and  other  premiums  withheld. 

Section  6.  Exhibitors  must  not  interfere  with,  nor  attempt  in  any 
manner  to  influence  the  judge  or  judges  officiating  at  this  show,  on  pen- 
alty of  having  their  winnings  protested  by  other  exhibitors  in  the  class. 

Section  7.  The  judges  shall  be  required  personally  to  place,  or 
superintend  the  placing  of  all  prize  ribbons  or  prize  cards  on  the  coops  of 
the  winning  specimens. 

Section  8.  No  bird  shall  be  removed  from  the  show  until  the  close 
of  the  same  without  the  written  consent  of  the  Secretary. 

Section  9.  Any  exhibitor  who  shall  be  disqualified  at  this  show  for 
fraudulent  practices  shall  have  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  Executive  Board 
of  The  American  Poultry  Association,  also  to  the  next  annual  meeting 
of  the  Association;  but  meanwhile  shall  be  temporarily  disqualified  from 
exhibiting  at  any  show  held  under  American  Poultry  Association  rules, 
and  it  is  understood  that  every  exhibitor  who  signs  this  entry  blank  thereby 
agrees  that  his  entries  may  be  cancelled,  and  all  entry  fees,  prize  moneys 
and  other  premiums  withheld  by  the  management  of  this  show,  in  the  event 
of  his  being  disqualified;  provided  that,  if  his  appeal  is  sustained,  all  entry 
fees,  prize  moneys  and  other  premiums  shall  be  delivered  to  him;  provided 
further,  that  his  appeal  must  be  made  within  one  year  of  the  date  of  the 
disqualification. 

Section  10.  Notice  of  disqualification  with  a  detailed  statement  of 
facts,  with  such  corroborative  evidence  as  is  procurable,  shall  be  mailed 
within  five  days  after  the  close  of  the  show  by  the  Secretary  or  some  other 
officer  of  this  Association  to  the  Secretary-Treasurer  of  The  American 
Poultry  Association,  and  a  complete  copy  of  the  notice  of  disqualification, 
and  other  papers  or  charges  accompanying  said  notice  shall  be  mailed  at 
the  same  time  to  the  exhibitor  or  judge  disqualified. 

Section  11.  In  case  of  alleged  fraudulent  practice  on  the  part  of  any 
judge,  exhibitor  or  other  person,  or  of  collusion,  the  aggrieved  exhibitor 
shall  have  the  right  to  protest  in  writing,  on  depositing  the  sum  of  five 
dollars  with  the  secretary  of  the  show,  and  said  protest  shall  be  passed 
upon  forthwith  by  the  management  of  the  show,  subject  to  an  appeal  by 
either  party  to  the  Executive  Board  of  The  American  Poultry  Association, 
and  to  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the  Association.  In  case  the  protest 
is  sustained,  the  fee  shall  be  refunded. 

Section  12.  Any  person  may  protest  in  writing  for  palpable  dis- 
honesty or  fraudulent  practice  of  the  judge  in  placing  awards.  Such  pro- 
test must  be  handed  to  the  secretary  of  the  show,  and  a  copy  delivered  or 
mailed  to  the  judge  and  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Board  of  The 


BY-LAWS  331 

American  Poultry  Association,  before  the  close  of  the  show,  provided, 
that  an  appeal  may  be  taken  to  the  Executive  Board,  also  to  the  Associa- 
tion as  a  whole. 

Section  13.  No  judge  of  poultry  at  this  show  shall  exhibit  in  any 
class  he  is  assigned  to  pass  upon;  should  he  do  so,  he  shall  be  disqualified 
forthwith  by  the  management  on  protest  of  any  exhibitor  or  member  of 
The  American  Poultry  Association,  and  another  judge  shall  be  assigned  to 
the  class. 

Section  14.  No  exhibitor  at  this  show  shall  receive  a  prize  on  any 
bird  that  has  been  owned  by  or  in  the  possession  of  the  judge  assigned  to 
the  class  within  six  months  prior  to  the  close  of  the  entries. 

Section  15.  The  printed  regulations  or  rules  of  this  show,  where 
they  are  not  less  stringent  than,  or  where  they  do  not  conflict  with,  the  fore- 
going, shall  be  binding  on  the  exhibitors  and  judges  and  supplemental  to 
The  American  Poultry  Association  rules. 

Section  16.  Any  exhibitor  at  this  show  who  is  not  a  member  of  The 
American  Poultry  Association,  shall  submit,  and  hereby  agrees  to  submit, 
to  the  jurisdiction  of  The  American  Poultry  Association,  and  shall  be  dealt 
with  as  though  he  were  a  member  of  the  Association.  Each  exhibitor  at 
this  show  shall  sign  the  appended  declaration,  to-wit: 

"To  Whom  it  May  Concern:  Be  it  known  that  for  the  purposes 
of  this  show  I  agree  to  be  bound  by  the  poultry  show  rules  of  The  American 
Poultry  Association,  as  above  set  forth. 


Exhibitor^ 


PRESS  OF 

MURRAY  AND   EMERY  COMPANY 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


U  u  o  ^      i-  »  ~ 

3l  ~-Q,€LQZ2l 


University  of  California 

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